by Jerry H. Miller
‘FROM HINRICHSEN TO MICHELIUS’ ..
THE WILHELMIAN-ERA EXPERIMENTAL
& EARLY MACHINE POSTMARKS OF
GERMANY ... 1866 — 1914 by
JERRY H. MILLER
‘FROM HINRICHSEN TO MICHELIUS’ ... THE WILHELMIAN-ERA EXPERIMENTAL MACHINE POSTMARKS
OF GERMANY 1866-1914
EARLIEST GERMAN EXPERIMENTAL MACHINE POSTMARK
“ StPAS, (HAMBURG\
Thurn & Taxis (T&T) Post Office at Hamburg-postmarked folded-letter sent to Stadthagen
with Hamburg-City Post Office Hinrichsen-Machine TRANSIT Postmark.
2 Silver Groschen:
Thurn & Taxis Post Office Single-Weight Lelier 20-Mile Distance Rate
(T&T Mail permitted to towns located in the States of Bremen & Oldenburg)
Earliest & Only Known 1866 Postmark Usage for this Postmark.
EXHIBIT This postal history exhibit shows the evolution,
through their experimental posimarks,
of the fifteen postmarking machines tested or evaluated by the German Post Office between
the years 1866-1914 of Wilhelmian-era Germany.
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
FRAME MACHINE APPROXIMATE COMMENTS NUMBER NAME TRIAL PERIOD
1-2 Hinrichsen 1866-1881 First German-built & tested postmarking machine
2-3 Haller 1881-1883 Applied only arrival or service postmarks to in-bound mail
3 Hoster 1885-1887 Applied only origin postmarks
to out-going mail
4-6 Bickerdike 1898-1901 Only Canadian-built machine used in Germany
5 Beling & Lubke 1901-1902 First machine to have a revolving dater dial
7 Hugo Lau 1902 Rival trial machine to ‘Bickerdike’
7 Mix & Genest 1901-1909 Applied only arrival pestmarks to in-bound mail
7-8 Columbia 19701 First American-built machine used in Germany
8 international 19702 American-built machine tested only two weeks
8 RUtiger 1904 Short-lived German-built machine
8-9 Krag 1905-1706 ‘First ‘repeater’ postmarking machine; Norwegian- built
9 Sylbe & Pondorf 1907-1908 First variable postmark, meter & slogan postmarking machine
7-10 Universal 1911 American-designed high-speed single-impression machine
10 DAPAG 1909 First self-service machine for letter regisiration.
1912 Early coil-stamp affixing & postmarking machine
10 Michelius 1912-1921 = Rival to ‘DAPAG’ Stamp Affixing Machine
1913-1914 — Rival trial machine to ‘Universal’
10 Epilogue
TEXT COLOR CODING
Black: General information and descriptive data
Blue: Particularly noteworthy information, rarity factors & chapter start-page.
Magenta: Postage raie information
HINRICHSEN 1867 FIRST DEMONSTRATION TRIALS HAMBURG
May 1866 - September 1867 . IN-BOUND AMERICA MAIL
IN 1865, MESSRS. FISCHER & MAAS OF GERMANY DEVELOPED A POSTMARKING MACHINE, MANUFACTURED BY ROBERT HINRICHSEN, SUBMITTED
FOR TRIALS AT THE ‘GENERAL POST OFFICE’ OF THE CITY-STATE HAMBURG IN 1866 AND, SUBSEQUENTLY, ALSO TO THE PRUSSIAN MAIN POST OFFICE AT BERLIN,
where the machines initially applied arrival/service postmarks to
in-bound or transit mail and origin postmarks to out-bound mail.
Postmark:
22mm Single-Circle Dater Dial with Day, Month & Year Dates. * Mbt cttad
ra no
one re \ , — Cea Revstxt ttt Cb tbe tid, 4AMBURG = Fim wmaibapes =
287 © C
On Reverse , ras 4 viel Mag ;
fire} hago ( P
ph\er 4AMBURG 23/6;
mi 67 4
Washington D.C. 14 JUNE (1867)
Cover, postmarked at Washington D.C., sent via New York to departing Vessel “Alemannia” (15 June),
arriving & postmarked (reverse) on 28 JUNE 1867 at Hamburg,
forwarded to Regensburg, State of Bavaria, arriving on 30 June.
15 Cents ... Single-weight (half ounce) letter-rate to German States.
Earliest known date for this postmark applied to In-Bound America Mail.
One of eight known America-origin-postmarked covers.
HINRICHSEN 1866 - 1867
EARLY DEMONSTRATION TRIALS: HAMBURG & PRUSSIA May 1866 - February 1867
A second postmark style was concurrently tried during the early period with trials at the ‘General Post Office’ in the City-State of Hamburg
and the Prussian ‘Main Post ne at bom n, cine NE AT HAMBURG CONTINUED TO TEST-APP! ICESS an POST OF FFICE EOUT
l ow ALSO APPLIED ARRIVAL POSTMARKS
n
Reverse
15 FEBRUARY 1867
Hamburg ‘Transit Marking’ on New York origin cover sent to Austria on-board Ship: ‘Germania’.. departure from New York on 2 February
with 15 February arrival at Hamburg..
15 Cents: U.S. - North German Confederation Rate for Single-Weight (Half Ounce) Letter-Mail.
HINRICHSEN 1867
HAMBURG-CITY TRIAL OF A MACHINE INTENDED FOR BERLIN HAMBURG CITY-STATE
‘PHASE ONE’ (SERVICE MARKINGS) 5-15 August
In May 1867, the Imperial Prussian Post Office at Berlin contracted Robert Hinrichsen of Hamburg to a supply a postmarking machine
able to postmark 400-500 units of inbound-mail/minute.
W) FO Y OF A HINRICHSEN-BUILT MACHII
RE CONDUCTED AT THE HAMBURG one BETWEEN 5-15 AUGUST 1867.
Postmark: Rectangular Dater Die 17x12 mm.
5 AUGUST 1867
Folded commercial letter, deposited at the Prussian Post Office in Hamburg, transferred to the Hamburg City Post Office,
where a ‘Hinrichsen’ arrival mark was applied de along with an origin-out-bound postmark, oH S
sent to Copenhagen, Denmark. A
2-1/2 Schiling ... Ce Letter-rate (1 Loth in weight) for mail to Denmark Reverse
Earliest known date of ‘Berlin-E d Machine’ Trial at Hamburg
HINRICHSEN
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT BERLIN: PHASE ONE (SERVICE MARKINGS).. AUGUST 1867 — AUGUST 1868
1867 - 1868
PRUSSIA (Berlin)
The heretofore so-called “BERLIN TRIAL MACHINE”,
pre-tested in Hamburg between 5-15 August,
APPLYING ‘ARRIVAL’ & ‘TRANSIT’ SERVICE MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND OR LOCAL MAIL.
COMMENCED FIELD-OPERATION AT BERLIN ON 26 AUGUST 1867
Postmark: Rectangular Die 17x12 mm.
“Nm” = ‘Affernoon’
7 “VWm" = ‘Morning’ (7-8Vm
Usage:
LOCAL / INNER-CITY MAIL
14 SEPTEMBER 1867
Folded-letter, postmarked at Berlin, sent locally, ‘Hinrichsen’ arrival mark on reverse
along with a partial offset on the front.
One Silver Groschen...
Single-weight local city letter-rate
Upright or Inverted Positions 26 August 1847 - 16 August 1848
Reverse
: _ Front
HINRICHSEN 1867 - 1868
FIRSTOPERATIONALTRIAL ATBERLN: = PRUSSIA PHASE ONE (SERVICE MARKINGS).. AUGUST 1867 — AUGUST 1868 (Berlin)
COMMERCIAL MAIL TO BERLIN THROUGH THE ‘PRUSSIAN RAILWAY POST OFFICE’
LOCATED IN THE HAMBURG TRAIN STATION
Reverse
Front
3 OCTOBER 1867
Folded-letier, postmarked at the ‘Hamburg Railway Station’, sent to Berlin, receiving upon arrival a ‘Hinrichsen'-applied
arrival mark on reverse. Transit Time: 9 Hours.
Three Silver Groschen.. Single-Weighi Letter-Rate
(1 Loth = 16-2/3 Grams)
mail sent over twenty miles
HINRICHSEN 1867 - 1868
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT BERLIN: PRUSSIA PHASE ONE (SERVICE MARKINGS).. AUGUST 1867 —- AUGUST 1868 (Berlin)
CITY (STATE) OF HANOVER-ORIGIN FOLDED-LETTER SENT TO BERLIN WITH PRUSSIAN GROSCHEN POSTAGE-DUE
Reverse
14 NOVEMBER 1867
Folded-letter, postmarked at ‘Hannover’, sent to Berlin, receiving a ‘Hinrichsen’ mark
upon arrival on cover reverse.
Three Silver Groschen Postage Due... Single-Weight Letter-Rate
(1 Loth = 16-2/3 Grams) mail sent over twenty miles
HINRICHSEN
SECOND POST-OFFICE-TRIAL AT HAMBURG.. ‘BERLIN’ SERVICE-MARKING MACHINE
2 November 1867
HAMBURG CITY-STATE
ARRIVAL & TRANSIT ‘BERLIN’ STYLE SERVICE MARKINGS
factory at Hamburg.
In September & October 1867, the ‘Berlin Trial Machine’ required maintenance & adjustment resulting in its return to Hintichsen’s
ON 2 NOVEMBER 1867, A POST-OFFICE-TEST AT HAMBURG WAS SUCCESSFULLY CONCLUDED WITH THE MACHINE BEING RETURNED TO BERLIN
FOR COMMENCEMENT OF OPERATION ON 4 NOVEMBER 1867.
Postmark: Rectangular Die 12x17 mm with date & time element
ag (gi
pes FGitcad
“a ee aioe
Front
SSS SS Se
2 NOVEMBER 1867 Reverse
Cover, commercial mail, postmarked at Hamburg, sent to Bohemia (Austria), receiving a ‘Berlin’ style transit marking on reverse. 2-Day Transit Time.
4 Schilling... Letter-Rate for mail sent over Twenty Miles.
One of four known examples from the ‘2 November test: only known foreign destination cover with a ‘transit’ mark.
HINRICHSEN
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT BERLIN: PHASE TWO (SERVICE MARKINGS).. November 1868 — August 1869
ARRIVAL MARKINGS
1868 - 1869
NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION
(Berlin)
Resulting from postal authority assertions that the
trial machine was too weak in constuction, damaged the
mail or with 4-5% of mail not getting postmarked,
ROBERT HINRICHSEN UPGRADED & IMPROVED THE ‘BERLIN’ MACHINE IN OCTOBER 1868,
enabling stronger and clearer markings on mail
albeit with offsets frequently on cover fronts.
Postmark: Rectangular Die 17x12mm
Usage: 4November 1868 —- 30 August 186?
12 DECEMBER
1868
Newspaper
Wrapper,
sent locally.
1/3 Groschen..
Local
printed- matter
mail rate.
30 AUGUST
(1869)
Free-frank, folded-
letter,
Official
(‘Franco
Stadibrief)
Berlin
Court Mail.
> : . : as Latest
Vane | known
| we 8 | date.
(273 Nim!
HINRICHSEN 1867
OPERATIONAL TRIALS HAMBURG CITY -STATE POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL December 1867
in December, 1867, the Hamburg City-State Post Office tested the
Hinrichsen-Built Machine to apply origin-postmarks to outgoing mail
USING THE MACHINE WHICH HERETOFORE APPLIED ‘ARRIVAL’ OR ‘TRANSIT MARKINGS TO IN-BOUND MAIL.
Postmark: Rectangular dater (19x14mm) with a dual wavy-line obliterator.
Usage: 22 July 1867 (Demo on Prototype Machine) & 2 & 5 December 1867
5 DECEMBER 1867
2 Schilling... ‘Hamburg’ City-State Single-Weight Rate
(1 Loth = 16-2/3 grams) for mail (letters) fo
Helgoland, or (printed-matter) fo USA, Malta, Gibraltar, East Asia & the West indies.
Less than ten examples on cover,
or a clip, or
single stamps recorded.
HINRICHSEN 1868
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL (Hamburg)
January 1868
With the establishment of the North German Confederation of heretofore autonomous German states & cities,
A UNIFIED POSTAL ADMINISTRATION COMMENCED THREE NEW TRIALS
with the ‘Hinrichsen-Built’ Machine postmarking out-going mail.
Postmark: Rectangular dater (19x14 mm) without year date with
an obliterator having five widely-spaced diagonal lines in
three horizontal rows.
Only recorded pair of 2 Groschen stamps postmarked during the first trial.
First Trial: 23-25 January 1868
24 JANUARY (1868) Cort, Blecher
Commercial folded-letier postmarked at Hamburg, sent to (ship’s) Captain “Hinrichsen”, Sonderburg, Germany.
1 Groschen...
Single-weight {1 Loth or 15 grams)
domestic letter-rate.
One of fourteen covers recorded.
HINRICHSEN 1868
SECOND OPERATIONAL TRIAL NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL (Hamburg)
January 1868
Whereas the first trial obliterator had five widely-spaced diagondl lines in three rows, |
THE SECOND TRIAL OBLITERATOR HAD 7-8 LINES IN THREE ROWS.
Postmark: Rectangular dater (19x14 mm) without year date having
an obliterator with 7-8 widely-spaced diagonal lines in three horizontal rows.
Second Triak 27-28 January 1868
27 JANUARY (1868)
Commercial folded letter, postmarked at Hamburg,
sent to Konigsberg (East Prussia).
2 Groschen...
Double-Weight (2 Loth or 16+ grams)
Domestic Letter-Rate.
Only recorded ‘Two Groschen’ cover from the second trial.
One of nineteen covers recorded.
HINRICHSEN 1868
THIRD OPERATIONAL TRIAL NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL (Hamburg)
January-February 1868
Whereas the postmark obliterator for the first and second trials
had no year dates in the rectangular dater,
THE THIRD TRIAL HAD A YEAR INSERTED.
Postmark: Rectangular dater (17x14 mm) with year date having an obliterator with 7-8 widely-spaced diagonal lines
in three horizontal rows.
Third Trial: 29 January - 14 February & 1 April (demo strike) 1868
29 JANUARY 1968
Foided letter,
postmarked at Hamburg, sent
to the renowned
banker ‘Julius Bleichréder’
at Berlin.
1] Groschen... Single-Weight
(1 Loth or 15 grams)
Domestic Letter-Rate.
First Day of Trial. 30 JANUARY 1868
Folded letter, postmarked at
Hamburg, sent to
Amsterdam, Netherlands.
3 Groschen... Single-Weight
NGC-Netheriands
Letter-Rate (1 January to
30 September 1868)
One of fwo known two-color usages.
HINRICHSEN 1868
THIRD OPERATIONAL TRIAL NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL (Hamburg)
January-February 1868
UN-FRANKED/POSTAGE-DUE MAIL TO FINLAND (RUSSIA)
Postmark: Rectangular dater (19x14 mm) with year date along with
an obliterator having 7-8 widely-spaced diagonal lines in three horizontal rows.
Third Trial: 29 January — 14 February & 1 April (demo strike) 1868
P E S
rl
A
ne a
if y,
oa
eb e a
f i
Reverse Front
1 FEBRUARY 1868
Unfranked postage-due (from recipient) folded letter, postmarked at Hamburg, sent to Jacobstad, Finland (Russia).
10-Day Transit Time.
Un-franked Letter Postage: 6 Groschen (= 20 Kopeks)
Single Weight Letter-Rate to Russia.
Only known un-franked/postage-due foreign-bound ‘Hinrichsen’ postmarked mail example.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1869
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT BERLIN: NORTH GERMAN PHASE TWO (SERVICE MARKINGS)... November 1868 — August 1869 CONFEDERATION
(Berlin) ARRIVAL MARKINGS
Berlin postal authority assertions the trial machine was too weak in construction, damaged the
mail or that 4-5% of mail was not getting postmarked, ROBERT HINRICHSEN UPGRADED & IMPROVED
THE ‘BERLIN’ MACHINE IN OCTOBER 1868, enabling stronger and clearer markings on mail
albeit with offsets frequently on cover fronts.
Postmark: Rectangular Die 17x12mm
Usage: 4 November 1868 ~ 30 August 186?
12 DECEMBER ee ae.
1868 : <ce> 4 PE ae
Newspaper | i9/\2 | Wrapper, ZO |
sent locally. = =e ‘ - :
30 AUGUST (1869)
Free-frank,
official
folded-letter, hand-
postmarked ‘Franco
Stadtbrief’
Berlin Court Mail.
Latest known
date.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1869
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT BERLIN: NORTH GERMAN PHASE TWO (SERVICE MARKINGS).. November 1868 — August 1869 CONFEDERATION
(Berlin)
‘HINRICHSEN’ MARKINGS... USE OF NEEDLES FOR CONVEYANCE OF MAIL THROUGH THE MACHINE
NEEDLES (TWO OR THREE) at intervals of 18mm, 38mm and/or 54mm
WERE USED FOR TRANSFER OF MAIL THROUGH THE MACHINE. All ‘Hinrichsen’ postmarked covers have evidence of
needle-puncture. Postmark: Rectangular Die 17x12 mm.
Usage: 26 August 1867 - 30 August 1869
De cf 10 FEBRUARY (1869) 2 a | ¥
0) ) i Cover, commercial mail, postmarked at the biiacal 2 Kénigsberg (East Prussia) Railway Station Post Office, renwal Pay sent to Berlin.
Railway San Hand-Stamp Unique post mark for Kénigsberg Railway Post Office. tes in Transit Mark on Reverse
on Reverse Two pin holes at 18mm distance as well as light offset of the Hinrichsen arrival mark on the
reverse of cover.
1 Groschen...
Single-weight {1 Loth or 15 grams)
domestic letter-rate.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1869
FIRST OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT BERLIN: NORTH GERMAN PHASE TWO (SERVICE MARKINGS)... November 1868 - August 1869 CONFEDERATION
(Berlin)
ARRIVAL POSTMARKS...
MOVABLE TYPE & VARIABLE TYPE STYLES
The three-postmarking-dies of the ‘Hintichsen Machine’ HAD MOVABLE TYPE INDICATING DATE & TIME ...
RESULTING IN DIFFERENT TYPE STYLES BEING USED.
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&
~ HINRICHSEN 1869
PREPAID-MAIL POSTMARK TRIAL AT BERLIN: NORTH GERMAN ‘Franco Stadt-Brief’ CONFEDERATION
(Berlin) CASH PAID .. LOCAL CITY MAIL
A ‘BERLIN’ HINRICHSEN MACHINE WAS INTENDED TO APPLY ARRIVAL POSTMARKS TO IN-BOUND MAIL, THE POSTAL AUTHORITIES ALSO TRIED TO HAVE IT APPLY A
PREPAID-MAIL POSTMARK (“Franco Stadt-Brief”) TO CASH-PAID CITY-BOUND BULK-MAIL SUBMITTED AT THE POST OFFICE.
This ‘Prepaid’ Marking was the LAST POSTMARK TYPE applied by the Hinrichsen ‘Berlin’ Machine prior to that machine being transfered to Harmberg,
where a renewed “prepaid postmark’ trial using the same postmark took place briefly at Hamburg in 1871.
Both trials for applying a prepaid marking by machine to cash-paid mail proved Impractical resulting in a hand-applied postmark thereupon being appied
to cash-pald-mail at Bertin. Postmark: Rectangular Die 18 xi4mm
Franco (Bive ink)
Stadt: Br Known Berlin Usage: 17 April (1869)
[Sraceo
nar tna te z
FRIDAY, 17 APRIL (1869)
Cash-paid (at post office) folded-letter, Hintrichsen-Machine-postmarked
‘Franco Stadf-Brief", sent to a local city resident.
Arrival postmark: (Reverse)
“(Berlin) 17 April 4-5 PM”
Only known example postmarked at Berlin.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1869
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION
SERVICE MARKINGS.. March 1868 — October 1869
ARRIVAL MARKINGS
By mid-February 1868, the Hamburg Postal Authority ceased testing of origin postmarks to out-going mail, modifying the
heretofore last used die by removing the multi-line obliterator,
NOW USING THAT DIE TO APPLY ARRIVAL MARKS TO IN-BOUND HAMBURG MAIL.
Postmark: Rectangular Die 19x14 mm with “Hamburg” in text.
Usage: 17 March 1848 - 24 October 1869
Front
16 MARCH (1868)
Cover, postmarked at “Freienwalde” (note backward ‘N’ in posimark),
sent to Hamburg, with machine
arrival mark applied on reverse & offset on front.
One Groschen..
Single-weight (1 Loth or 15 grams)
domestic letter-rate.
Only known earliest reported usage.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1869
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN
SERVICE MARKINGS.. March 1868 — October 1869 CONFEDERATION
‘HAMBURG’ ARRIVAL MARKINGS...TYPES ‘a’ & ‘b’
THE ‘HINRICHSEN’ HAD THREE POSTMARKING DIES having slight variances in size or
where die damage (Type ‘c’) had faken place.
Postmark: Rectangular Die with indication of “Hamburg” in text.. Type ‘a’: 19x14mm Type ‘b’: 20x14mm Type ‘ce’: 20x 14mm (bottom line missing)
TYPE’as 19x 14mm sage: 17 March 1868 - 24 October 1869
IN-BOUND MAIL FROM ENGLAND
18 MAY 1848
Cover, commercial mail, postmarked at
Manchester, England, sent to
Hamburg
ye
TYPE ‘b’: 20x 14mm Reverse
18 OCTOBER (1868)
Folded letter, postmarked at the Bremen Railway Station, sent by a French traveler in Hamburg.
1 Groschen..
Single-weight (1 Loth or 15 grams) domestic letter-rate.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1869
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN SERVICE MARKINGS.. March 1868 - October 1869 CONFEDERATION
‘HAMBURG’ ARRIVAL MARKINGS...TYPES ‘b’ & ‘c’
Postmark: Rectangular Die with indication of
“Hamburg” in text.. Type ‘a’: 197x14mm
Type ‘b’: 20x14mm
Type ‘c’: 20x 14mm (bottom line missing)
Usage: 17 March 1868 — 24 October 1869
TYPE ‘b’: 20x 14mm ZS a
12 AUGUST (1869) ee
NORDERNEY ISLAND MAIL
Cover, postmarked — with unique
“Norderney” Cancel, senttoHamburg. _
Type ‘b’ service mark
applied upon arrival on 14 August (1867)
Front (Insert)
Reverse
Bae My e 7, ih pb
fa, 2
6 | HAMBURG |
7eBVien
TYPE ‘c’: 20x 14mm
(bottom line missing)
23 JUNE (1869)
Folded letter, postmarked aboard train (Kiel fo Altona), sent to Hamburg, with Type ‘c’ service mark
applied upon arrival on 24 June (1869)
1 Groschen ..
Single -weight (1 Loth or 15 grams) domestic letier-rate.
HINRICHSEN 1870
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN ‘BERLIN’ STYLE SERVICE MARKINGS.. CONFEDERATION FEBRUARY - DECEMBER 1870 (Hamburg)
TRANSFER OF ‘BERLIN MACHINE’ TO HAMBURG
Upon ending its trials by September 1869,
THE ‘BERLIN HINRICHSEN’
(heretofore applying service marks to in-coming mail) WAS TRANSFERRED TO
HAMBURG in December 1869
where it continued applying such markings there
during 1870.
Postmark: Rectangular Die 17 x 12 mm with indication of only date & time of day as text.
Usage: 25 February - 26 December 1870
m e a
: | :
| |
i
24 February 1870
Folded letier, commercial
mail, postmarked at Altenburg, sent to
Hamburg, receiving an arrival mark on 25 February
on the reverse.
1 Groschen .. Single-weight
(1 Loth or 15 grams)
domestic letter-rate.
Earliest reported usage & only known example.
HINRICHSEN 1870
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN ‘BERLIN’ STYLE SERVICE MARKINGS.. CONFEDERATION FEBRUARY — DECEMBER 1870 (Hamburg)
DOMESTIC MAIL FROM THE PROVINCE OF SCHWERIN
11 AUGUST (1870) <b PARR RS. \ Bee
Here Oo” Folded letter, eciae de Os
commercial mail,
posimarked at Teterow
(Province Schwerin),
sent fo Hamburg, receiving an arrival
mark on 23 August.
1 Groschen.. Single-weight
{1 Loth or 15 grams)
domestic letter-rate.
17 AUGUST 1870
Folded letter, postmarked at Nirnberg (Bavaria) Train Station Post Office,
sent to Hamburg, arriving 20 August.
3 Kreuzer ..
Single-weight (1 Loth = 14 2/3 grams) Domestic letter-rate
HINRICHSEN 1870
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN ‘BERLIN’ STYLE SERVICE MARKINGS.. CONFEDERATION FEBRUARY — DECEMBER 1870 (Hamburg)
FRANCO-GERMAN WAR (1870-1871) ‘FREE-FRANK’ FIELDPOST MAIL
ks neutiGee Dope. am! -, ber
Beftimmmgsort: MO Wohuung des Gmyfingers, wenn fie
mil Sicherheit angegeben werden fonn, #2
Our gefalligen Beachturg beim Gebvancdh der Correfpondenz-Rarte. .
1) Hoemulare, welche nit bet Greimarte beveitS Ketlebt! find, tonnen bei allen | 4) Die Entnabme ven Bojto ift bei © beng efarfer nicht aula fit) “Poftaufgabeltellen, Briefredaorn und Gandbrtefirdgern besogett werden; fiir , Danegen ift bas Pb te ects A eae aee
: B oe obige Bordrud fiir bie Ubrefje ijt deutlich tnd vollftiindig aussufillen. Die Mieyfeite des Formulars fann tn three gangen Wusdehnung ju brie | — hall bea Morddeutichen Bojftgebrets, als auch fire den Bertolt tach den é Lichen Mitthedungen jeder Det Bemubt werden, welche, jomie the Bbeene . Sitbbeutichen Staaten, nnd Deere und uur ten et a aE mit Tinte, Bleifeder ober farbigan Stifte qefesrieben fetn fénnen, Ban | 6) Dee Ubjender ijt nicht verpflichtet, fic) nambatt yu machen,
3 SEPTEMBER (1870) “Imperial Prussian Fieldpost, 17* Infantry Division”
“1st Battalion, 90th Regiment, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg”
N.G.C. Correspondence-Card, free-frank, from a sergeant traveling fo the front
(France), sentto Hamburg, arriving on 7 September (1870).
— oe a i OK a |
19 OCTOBER (1870) “Imperial Prussian Fieldpost, 18 Infantry Division”
Cover, free-frank, sent to Hamburg-Barmbeck, with Hamburg Transit Mark dated 12 October (1970) & destination mark of 12 October (1870).
a
Correfpondenj-Aarte, = sem, >
_. MPA et. ; , . 5) a Sorteloonbeng« Karte fann qu febviftlichen Mittheitung ti fomogl inners
HINRICHSEN 1870
FOURTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN ‘BERLIN’ STYLE SERVICE MARKINGS.. CONFEDERATION FEBRUARY — DECEMBER 1870 (Hamburg)
Postmark: Rectangular Die 17 x 12 mm with indication of only date & time of day in text.
Usage: 25 February - 26 December 1870
IN-BOUND ENGLISH COMMERCIAL MAIL
ae SE bl cd a i>
20 DECEMBER 1870
in-bound folded commercial bank statement,
from “C.J. Hambro & Son” London, prepaid postmarked at ‘Lombard Street’ Post Office, sent to Hamburg, receiving an arrival marking on 26 December (1870).
3 Pence (Manuscripf)..
Single-weight letter-rate to the
North German Confederation
Latest recorded date for fhis mark's application at Hamburg.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1873
FIFTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN SERVICE MARKINGS.. April 1868 - December 1873 CONFEDERATION
ARRIVAL & TRANSIT MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND AMERICAN MAIL.. (1868)
EARLIEST KNOWN USAGE -
Commencing in April 1868, the Hamburg Postal Authorities had their
‘HINRICHSEN’ APPLY SERVICE MARKINGS TO IN-BOUND MAIL FROM AMERICA.
TAMBI init Postmark: Rectangular Die 19x13 mm red-orange color
t 12 Fhe ORE indicating “Hamburg Franco”.
FRANCO! Usage: 13 April 1868-5 December 1873
AMERICA TO SWITZERLAND (via New York)
31 MARCH 18468
Cover, postmarked ‘New York Paid All Direc?’,
sent to Sulz (Argau), ‘Hamburg Franco’ transit
mark at Hamburg.
Hambura-America Line
‘Allmannia' .. 13 March - 13 April.
By irain via Basei (Baie) 15
April to Sulz 17 April.
Transit Time: 16 Days.
10 + 5 Cenis..
U.S.-German States Rate (January 1848 - June 1870)
Plus 5 Cents to Switzerland.
Single-weight letter-rate.
AMERICATO BAVARIA (via New York)
14 APRIL 1868
Folded-letter,
commercial mail,
postmarked ‘New York Paid
All Direct’, sent to Mittenwald
(Bavaria), ‘Hamburg Franco’ transit
mark at Hamburg.
Hamburg-America Line ‘Saxonia’ ..
(14 April -27 April). By train to Mittenwald (30
April.
Transii Time: 16 Days.
10 Cenis..
U.$.-German States Rate
(January 1848 -— June 1870)
Single-weight
letter-rate.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1873
FIFTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN SERVICE MARKINGS.. April 1868 - December 1873 CONFEDERATION
ARRIVAL & TRANSIT MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND AMERICAN MAIL. 1868 USAGE..
TRANSCONTINENTAL USA TO GERMANY
WEST COAST AMERICA TO PRUSSIA
8 MAY (1868) (San Francisco)
Cover, postmarked at San Francisco, routed to New York (18 day transit time),
marked ‘Paid All New York Direct’ (May 26)
sent to Gustrow (Province Mecklenburg-Schwerin),
‘Hamburg Franco’ transit mark at Hamburg on 9 June 1868.
Hamburg-America Line ‘Saxonia’ .. 26 May (departure New York)
to Hamburg (arrival 9 June 1868). By train to Gdstrow, back-stamp: 10 June.
Total transit Time: 33 Days.
15 Cents..
U.S.-German States Closed-Mail Rate via England
(January 1868 — June 1870).
Single-weight (1/2 ounce) letter-rate.
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1873
FIFTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN SERVICE MARKINGS.. April 1868 - December 1873 CONFEDERATION &
GERMAN EMPIRE ARRIVAL & TRANSIT MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND AMERICAN MAIL..
1869 USAGE
AMERICA TO PRUSSIA
1 MARCH 1869 (Baltimore)
Cover ‘Paid All New York
Direct’, postmarked at
Baltimore, sent to Schldchtern (Hanav), ‘Hamburg Franco’
transit mark at Hamburg
on 15 March "(upside-down machine infeed)
Hamburg-America Line
Vessel ‘Harmonia I! .. 2 March
(departure New York)
fo Hamburg (arrival 15 March).
By train to Schidichtern. Arrival back-stamp:
16 March. 15-day transit time.
1 10 Cents..
U.S.-German States Rate AMERICA TO ITALY (January 1868 - June 1870)
Single-weight letter-rate. 15 FEBRUARY 1869
(Boston)
Cover, commercial mail, postmarked
‘Boston Paid All Direct’ ; via New York & Hamburg to Rome, Italy,
‘Hamburg Franco’ transit mark on 28
February.
’ | Hamburg-America Line Vessel ‘Westphalia’ .. 16 February New York
primey to Hamburg
HAMBURG ca [ ie ee CES or he : (arrival 28 February).
arrival back-stamp 4 March 1869.
18-day transit time.
15 Cents.. (E-Grill)
U.S.-ltaly Convention Rate
{April 1868 - February 1870}
Single-weight leiter-rate
HINRICHSEN 1868 - 1873
FIFTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: NORTH GERMAN SERVICE MARKINGS.. April 1868 - December 1873 CONFEDERATION &
GERMAN EMPIRE ARRIVAL & TRANSIT MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND AMERICAN MAIL..
1870-1871 USAGE
AMERICA TO WURTTEMBERG
28 DECEMBER 1869 (New York)
Cover, ‘New York
Paid-All Direct’,
sent to the ‘Imperial Government _
at Stuttgart, ‘Hamburg Franco’
transit mark at Hamburg on
9 January.
Hamburg-America
Line ‘Westphalia’ .. 28 December 1869 (departure New York)
to Hamburg
(arrival ? January 1870).
By train to Stuttgart, back-stamp: 10 January.
13-day transit time. AMERICA TO PRUSSIA
10 Cents.. 23 OCTOBER 1871
U.S.-German (Boston) States Rate
(January 1868 - June 1870) Cover, ‘Boston Paid All Direct’, Single-weight (1/2 oz) sent fo Berlin (Prussia),
letter-rate. ‘Hamburg Franco’ transit mark at Hamburg on
8 November 1871.
Hamburg-America Line ‘Westphalia’... 25 October
(departure New York)
to Plymouth, England, & (by British vessel)
to Hamburg
(arrival 8 November).
By train to Berlin, back-stamp: 9 November.
17-day transit time.
7 Cents..
U.S.-North German Union
Convention Rate
for mail via England to Germany
, ' (Franco-German War Period..
PS ReeiF ea a — ssuly 1870 - October 1871) a . Single-weight (1/2 oz)
letier-rate
1868 - 1873 HINRICHSEN
GERMAN EMPIRE FIFTH OPERATIONAL TRIAL AT HAMBURG: SERVICE MARKINGS... April 1868 - December 1873
ARRIVAL & TRANSIT MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND AMERICAN MAIL.. 1872-1873 USAGE
AMERICA TO PRUSSIA
19 MARCH (1872) (Cincinnati)
Cover, ‘New York Paid- All Direct’, sent to Bad Crueznach, ‘Hamburg Franco’
transit mark at Hamburg on 5 April.
Hamburg-America Line
‘Holsatia’.. 21 March
(departure New York) to
Hamburg {arrival 5 April 1872).
By train to Bad Creuznach, back-stamp:
6 April. 18-day transit time.
7 Cents..
U.$.-German Union Rate
for ‘Closed Mail’ via England’ Rate
(October 1871 - July 1875). Single-weight (1/2 07) AMERICA TO EAST PRUSSIA
ea 22 MARCH (1873)
letier-rate.
(Chicago)
Cover, ‘New York Paid All Direct”, via Hamburg to.
Friedrichsroda . He (East Prussia),
_ ‘Hamburg Franco’ transit mark at Hamburg on 9? April 1873.
Hamburg-America Line ‘Thuringia’.. 27 March
(departure New York}
to Hamburg (arrival 9 April).
By train to Friedrichsroda, back-stamp10 April 1873.
19-day transit time.
6 Cents..
U.8.- North German Union
Convention Direct Rate
(October 1871 - July 1875}.
Single-weighi (1/2 02)
letter-rate
HINRICHSEN 1873
FIRST OPERATIONAL ‘REICHSPOST’ TRIAL GERMAN EMPIRE FOR POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL: (Hamburg)
September-December 1873
With unification of Germany in 1871, a continued interest in postmarking automation remained, primarily because Postmaster-General Stephan
continued in that capacity from his previous positions in the postal
administrations of Prussia, the North German Confederation and now the German Empire's ‘Reichspost’.
Despite Robert Hinrichsen’s heretofore machine type having proved unsatisfactory for wide-spread use by the postal authorities,
IN LATE 1873 A MODIFIED ‘HINRICHSEN’ WAS SUBMITTED FOR TRIAL AT HAMBURG WITH THE NEW ‘REICHSPOST’.
Postmark: Rectangular dater (27 x 20 mm) with three lines of text. “Hamburg/Date/Year”.
Usage: 27 September - 27 December 1873
fe D2 DDD DHSS PPO] yD: PPO MTUIGSEC EE OCR aeict von
ae. 1 ied 4 A
Doh g Ah kar te, Laie ete tft nut Ble Abreffe qu lhreiben,
Dog
3, if
k i m k
uy E
(at i b
s ie
cle
t h i e Ai le s i g
Ea
rn
ert ies
od
= S a n
a
i < <
7 =
p e e n e r a e
4 (Beftimmungscrt)....... an
cs (Way aung) : i
£95225 5555 5202555:
20 DECEMBER 1873
Reichspost postal stationery card, postmarked at Hamburg, sent to Leipzig.
One of three recorded cover examples. Only recorded postal card.
‘2 Groschen .. Domestic post-card rate
HINRICHSEN 1874-1881
SECOND OPERATIONAL ‘REICHSPOST’ TRIAL GERMAN EMPIRE FOR POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL.. (Hamburg)
October 1874 — April 1881
‘VENLO TRAIN STATION’ HAND-STAMP POSTMARK
On 1 October 1874,
a post office station
was opened at the
‘Venlo Train Station’
HAVING THE PURPOSE OF PROCESSING THE VOLUMINOUS
PRINTED-MATTER LOTTERY
ADVERTSING MAIL. Robert Hinrichsen submitted a modified & improved version of
his heretofore postmarking
machine for testing the postmarking of such mail. ‘Venlo Train Station’ later also known as the
‘Paris or Hanoverian Train Station’
housing ‘Railway Post Office No. 31’
(Hamburg 10 = $t. Pauli District).
ee THE MACHINE
i &. BOW, : PREPARED & USED WAS RECTANGULAR
PATTERNED AFTER
THE HAND-STAMP
USED
at Hamburg’s
‘Venlo Train Station’
Post Office as used for postmarking
letter & postcard mail.
HINRICHSEN 1874-1881
SECOND OPERATIONAL ‘REICHSPOST’ TRIAL GERMAN EMPIRE FOR POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL.. (Hamburg)
October 1874 - April 1881
In October 1874, the postal station at Hamburg's ‘Venlo Train Station’ commenced operation of an
improved faster version of a ‘Hinrichsen’ dedicated
TO POSTMARK THE VOLUMINOUS PRINTED-MATTER & LOTTERY ADVERTISING MAIL.
Postmark: Rectangular dater (42 x 15 mm) having two lines of text..
“Hamburg & Date”, with three versions reflecting one of each of the three postmarking machine dies:
1) Without stars or crosses before/after
‘Hamburg’; 2) With crosses before/after ‘Hamburg’; 3) With stars before/after ‘Hamburg’.
Usage: 3 October 1874 - 24 April 1881 Sill ATR ea
3 OCTOBER 1874
Earliest known date
18 OCTOBER 1874 Cert. Brugger
Printed-matier wrapper with ‘Lottery Mail’ content, postmarked (Type ‘3’), at Hamburg, sent to Cottbus.
One of five known entire wrappers for the period. Unique complete wrapper with content having the
‘large shield’ issue of Germany
1/3 Groschen .. Printed-matier rate for mail up to 50 grams.
HINRICHSEN 1874-1881
SECOND OPERATIONAL ‘REICHSPOST’ TRIAL GERMAN EMPIRE FOR POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL: (Hamburg)
October 1874 — April 1881
Postmark: Rectangular dater (42 x 15mm) having two lines of text.. “Hamburg & Date”, with three versions reflecting one of each of the three postmarking machine dies:
1) Without stars or crosses before/after ‘Hamburg’:
2) With crosses before/after ‘Hamburg’; 3) With stars before/after ‘Hamburg’.
Usage: 3 October 1874 - 24 April 1881
“PFENNIG ISSUE" FRANKING.. LOTTERY ADVERTISING MAIL
17 APRIL 1878
Printed-matter wrapper without contents,
postmarked (Type ‘3’), at Hamburg, sent to
Wiarden (Province Oldenburg).
One of five known entire wrappers for the period. Only known 1878 entire wrapper usage.
3 Pfennig ..
Printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
HALLER BERLIN C2
ARRIVAL MARKINGS ON IN-BOUND MAIL | 1881 DEMONSTRATION
in 1880, Wilhelm Loffelhardt patented the second postmarking machine field-tested by the German Reichspost.
With George Haller, entrepreneur, Loffelhardt successfully completed the
demonstration at the ‘Berlin C2’ Post Office in 1881 resulting in the Reichspost purchasing five machines.
THE ‘BERLIN C2’ POST OFFICE ‘HALLER MACHINE’ APPLIED FOUR POSTMARK TYPES DURING ITS OPERATION BETWEEN 1881-1906.
i, oN Postmark: Type ‘a’ ..
” . Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter.
Usage
IV 14-26 April 1881
2
DeutscuHe Reicuspost,
FostKaRTE.
toe a ten x, edbiileegs es AN Gooftfaes Magpenadrae, cae
) a a a
NN,
20 APRIL 1881
In-bound postal stationery card, postmarked at Berlin-Spandau’s ‘Hamburg Train Station’, sent locally.
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic postcard rate.
One of five examples known from the ‘1881’ Trial.
HALLER BERLIN C2
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL USAGE BETWEEN 1881-1890
Postmark: Type ‘b’... Single-Circle Dater Dial 23mm Diameter.
Usage: 9 August 1881 - 14 October 1890
23 March 1886 : Bo ie ee -- Kinigreich Bayern.
in-bound
Bavarian Postal
Stationery Card commercial mail,
postmarked
at Leutershausen
(Bavaria)
sent to Berlin.
POSTKARTE,
’ ‘Haller Arrival Postmark:
“(Berlin) C 24. March, VI 2”
5 Pfennig .. Domestic
postcard rate.
24 MARCH 1890
Postal stationery cover
(with machine offset
on fronfj,
inner-city Berlin mail.
‘Haller
Arrival Postmark:
“(Berlin) C. 2 25 March, |”
10 Pfennig.. Domestic cover rate.
a
Reverse
HALLER BERLIN C2
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL USAGE IN 1890
if % Postmark: Type ‘c’ ... +" vom.f. | Fei 3k op. it Single-Circle Dater Dial 29mm Diameter Stadt-Postamte with text “Bestellt vom Sfadt-Postamfe"
A ICL &.-90 i
Za/ Usage: 2 April — 8 October 1890
Deut} he Reichspoft
Poftfarte
{Strafe und Bousiummer)
10 APRIL 1890
Postal stationery card, postmarked aboard the
‘Berlin-Dirschau’ Line (‘Train No. 6’),
commercial mail, sent to a Berlin business.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Bestellt vom Stadt-Postamte 10 April 1890, 7-8 PM”
("Delivered from the Central City Post Office....")
5 Pfennig .. Domestic postcard rate.
HALLER BERLIN
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL USAGE BETWEEN 1890-1906
. Sy ste my,
yom ‘. Postmark: Type ‘d’ ... Brie” Prete amt, Single-Circle Dater Dial 2?mm Diameter
with text “Besfellt vom Brief-Postamte"
26 October 1890 - 2 August 1906
SAULY 1891 c “UNION” POSTALE. UNIVERSEL Le |
British UPU Postal Stationery ie POST CARD—GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND
Card, postmarked at = as (GRANDE BRETAGNE ET IRLANDE) get aya es THE ADDRESS ONLY TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Bestellt vom Brief-Postamte
5 July 1891 1890, 7-1/4-8-1/2 AM”
(“Delivered from the
Letter-Mail Post Office”)
One Penny..
UPU international
Posicard-Rate
30 MARCH 1905
Austrian Postal Stationery Card, postmarked at
Vienna, Austria,
sent to Berlin.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Bestelli vom
Brief-Postamte 31 March 1905, 12-1-1/2 PM”
(“Delivered from the
Letter-Mail Post Office”)
5 Heller..
Posicard-rate for mail
within Austria or to
Germany.
HALLER BRESLAU 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Single-Circle Dater Dial 23mm Diameter. ;
wey
CVSS Postmark: Type ‘a’... (“0 a
% Usage: 19 September 1882-5 July 1883
D EUTSCHE KEICHSPOST.
19 SEPTEMBER 1882 a6 a Bost KARTE.
Reichsposf Postal d
Stationery Card, | Wr
postmarked at Ziegenhaus,
sent to Breslau.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Ausg. 19/9 No. 3”
Earliest known date.
a tein? Postmark: Type ‘b’ ... wt Single-Circle Dater Dial 2?mm Diameter.
Usage: 18 June 1897 - 21 January 1899
21 JANUARY 1899
‘Gruss Aus’
view-card,
postmarked
at Neisse,
sent to Breslau.
Deutiche Reichspoft
Pofttarte ‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Breslau 1, 21.1.99,
2-3 PM”
Double
arrival marks =
card processed
twice through the machine.
sons" (Stensge und Heusnummer)
Latest known usage.
5 Pfennig .. Domesiic posicard-rate.
HALLER BREMEN 1 ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
A year after delivering five machines to the Reichposf, Haller & Company sold their patents on 20 February 1883 to Albert Hoster of Hamburg, who subsequently established the
“Postal Stamping & Patent Machinery Company Lid.” at London, England.
Hoster’s company manufactured
TEN ADDITIONAL ‘HALLER-DESIGN’ MACHINES delivering those to the Reichspostf through
‘Haller & Company’ in Germany FOR OPERATION IN TEN DIFFERENT CITIES.
THE ‘BREMEN’ MACHINE APPLIED THREE POSTMARK TYPES during the machine's operation between 1884-1905.
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 28mm Diameter.
Usage: 4 January 1884 — 4 October 1884
DeurscHe Reicuspos%
PostK ARTE.
17 MARCH 1884
Reichspost postal stationery card,
postmarked Oldenburg, sent to Bremen.
5 Pfennig .. Domestic postcard-rate.
HALLER ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
BREMEN 1
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 2?mm Diameter.
Usage: 29 July 1897 -8 September 1702
18 SEPTEMBER 1897
UPU Reichspost ‘Reply Postal Stationery
Card, postmarked at Hoboken, New Jersey,
U.S.A., returned to Bremen.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Bremen 1, 27.9.97,
3-4 PM”
10 Pfennig..
Foreign-bound postcard rate
Postmark: Type ‘c’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 27mm Diameter.
Reverse
nena Usage: 17 December 1902-23 April 1905
3 February
1904
Cover,
Commercial
mail,
postmarked at Dusseldorf,
sent to Bremen.
‘Haller’
Arrival
Postmark:
“Bremen 1, 4.2.04, 5-6 AM”
(On Reverse)
10 Pfennig..
Domestic
single-weight (20 grams) letter-rate
HALLER COLN a. RHEIN 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 27mm Diameter with ‘m’ in Dater
Horizontal Time Indication.
Type ‘b’.. Single-Circle Dater Dial 29mm Diameter with ‘n’ in Dater
Angular Time Indication.
Type ‘c’...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 29mm Diameter with ‘b’ in Dater
Straight Date Line Indication in Dater Center
DeutscHEeE REICHSPOST.
B STKARTE. TYPE ‘a’
Usage: 13 March 1884 -
6 June 1885 & 16 May -
5 October 1886
DeutscHe Rercusposr.
Bsr KARTE.
TYPE ‘b’
Usage:
14 June 1885-
9 October 1884 e
TYPE ‘c’
Usage:
15 July 1897 -
18 June 1902
HALLER DRESDEN 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter, Small 'T’.
“1” Positioned Directly Below “E” of “Dresden”
Usage: 11 November 1883 -— 12 February 1886
ee : | : © = Sit
eee . A
10 NOVEMBER 1886 Carte postale ae |
Union postale universelle. — Weltpostverein, — Unione postagranivoym
. Swiss UPU — f=
Postal Stationery Card, A rn i p 2y ruchivalieed wh ere, SUISSE. SCHWEIZ, SVIZZERA, 4% 9.
Switzerland, sent to Dresden.
‘Haller Arrival Postmark:
“Dresden Alitst.,
12 February (18)86” (Incorrect Date)
10 Rappen..
UPU International
Postcard-Rate.
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter, Large ‘T’ Reverse “1” Positioned Directly Below “N” of “Dresden”
Of Cover
Usage: 4 February 1884 — 4 May 1888
1 SEPTEMBER 1888
Commercial
cover,
postmarked
at Ansbach
(Bavaria)
sent to
Dresden.
‘Haller’ Anival
Postmark:
(On Reverse}
“Dresden Altst.,
2 September
(18)88”
10 Pfennig..
Domestic single-weight
(20 grams)
letter-rate
HALLER DRESDEN 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter, Small 'T’.
“1” Positioned Directly Below “E” of “Dresden”
Usage: 11 November 1883 -— 12 February 1886
ee : | : © = Sit
eee . A
10 NOVEMBER 1886 Carte postale ae |
Union postale universelle. — Weltpostverein, — Unione postagranivoym
. Swiss UPU — f=
Postal Stationery Card, A rn i p 2y ruchivalieed wh ere, SUISSE. SCHWEIZ, SVIZZERA, 4% 9.
Switzerland, sent to Dresden.
‘Haller Arrival Postmark:
“Dresden Alitst.,
12 February (18)86” (Incorrect Date)
10 Rappen..
UPU International
Postcard-Rate.
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter, Large ‘T’ Reverse “1” Positioned Directly Below “N” of “Dresden”
Of Cover
Usage: 4 February 1884 — 4 May 1888
1 SEPTEMBER 1888
Commercial
cover,
postmarked
at Ansbach
(Bavaria)
sent to
Dresden.
‘Haller’ Anival
Postmark:
(On Reverse}
“Dresden Altst.,
2 September
(18)88”
10 Pfennig..
Domestic single-weight
(20 grams)
letter-rate
HALLER
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
DUSSELDORF 1
Posimark: Single-Circle Dater Dial 28mm Diameter, with ‘Star’ in Dial
Usage: 19 March 1884 - 15 April 1887
13 MAY 1884
Commercial
Postcard,
postmarked at Magdeburg,
sent to
Dusseldorf.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Dusseldorf 1,,
14 May (18)84” NP Pek
EEE el eae oe Neel einer sy Meh L erly DE
G. A. Beyrich & Co., Magdeburg. ~
DeutscHE ReicHspostT,
FOSTKARTE.
CH. ee Od £. LL OOF AL LMOLL LA, D
eters ssnnsiinssinatd Re! LEC hee te beige: DB i Z we
485,
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic Postcard-Raie.
4 JUNE 1885
Reichspost
Postal-Stationery Card,, postmarked at Naumburg,
sent fo
Dusseldorf,
‘Haller Arrival Postmark:
“Dusseldor?, 5 June (18)85*
HALLER FRANKFURT am MAIN
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter with ‘bb’ in Dater
Horizontal Time Indication.
Type ‘b’... Single-Circle Dater Dial 25mm Diameter with ‘bb’ in Dater Angular Time Indication.
Type ‘c’... Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter with ‘bb’ in Dater “Main” now in Brackets.
TYPE ‘a’
Usage:
13 August 1882 -— 6 December
1883
bfegl~f 93
er ee eo Ss es fe were ee EE RP a
TYPE ‘b’
Usage:
10 January 1884-
26 December 1888
TYPE ‘c’
Usage: 20 April 1889 - 26 November
1893
HALLER HALLE a.$ PA No. 2 ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL ANKUNFT
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ... Single- Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter.
Usage: 30 October 1883-7 May 1864
ot ee oe Se
29 OCTOBER 1883
Reichspost DEUTSCHE Reicuspost,
Postal Stationery Reply aah
Card, commercial use, ; B STKARTE, postmarked at ; Magdeburg, | MY, (ANTWORT.)
sent to Halle (Saale).
‘Haller ee ea Arrival Postmark: | /
“Halle a.S. PA No. 2.,
30 October (18)83.” (88 ice : oS LNNUNYS
Earliest known usage. 4, x | N83
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 29mm Diameter.
Usage: 17 July 1884 - 7 July 1893
DeutscHe REicHsPpost. Afr fe 18 MAY 1886
__ Reichspost Postal | Stationery Card,
postmarked at Zechin
sent to Halle (Saale).
FosrK ARTE.
‘Haller
Arrival Postmark:
“Halle a.$. PA No. 2
Ankunft
19 May (18)86”
5 Pfennig...
Domestic Postcard Rate
HALLER HALLE (SAALE) 2 ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL ANKUNFT
Posfmark: Type ‘c’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 27mm Diameter.
Usage: 2 March 1897-8 May 1905
9 MARCH 1900 = .
German Pest Office in
Turkey Postal
Stationery Card,
TOC CRE aT Hy =
BE Dent{dland Sct anaeT TATE RAEN TENA
13 JANUARY 1901
Japan UPU Postal Stationery Card,
postmarked at
Tokyo, Japan, sent to
Halle (Saale).
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Halle (Saale) Ankunft,
10 February 1901”
4 Sen...
UPU International
Postcard Rate
d at Jaff PG Bowe eae ee ea te Pofttarte — Weltpofiverein
, SARIS Rete aele): Carte postale — Union postale universelle
‘Haller’ 4
Arrival Postmark: i
“Halle (Saale) Ankunft,
22 March 1700”
20 Para...
UPU Iniemeationai
Postcard Rate
Poftfarte — Weltpoftverein, in na be 499
Deutschland. Be
Carte postale — Union postale universelle.
1 FEBRUARY 1901
_ Reichspost UPU Postal
| Card, free-frank for
military occupation service member in
_ China (Chefoo/No.4)
| sent to
Halle (Saale).
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Halle (Saale), Ankunff,
30 March 1701”
aS
HALLER HALLE (SAALE) 2 ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL ANKUNFT
Postmark: Type ‘d’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 30mm Diameter.
Usage: 30 November 1905 - 22 March 1909
10 APRIL 1906 (Julian Calendar)
23 APRIL 1906 (Gregorian Calendar)
Russian UPU Postal Stationery Card,
commercial use, postmarked at Moscow, Russia,
sent to Halle (Saale).
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Halle (Saale) Ankuntt,
25 April (19)06””
4 Kopecks...
UPU International
Postcard Rate 25 OCTOBER 1907
Reichspost Postal
Stationery Letter Card, postmarked at Dresden
sent to Halle (Saale).
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Halle (Saale), Ankunft,
23 October (19)07”
10 Pfennig... Domestic Posial
Stationery Letter-Card Flat Rate.
HALLER HAMBURG 1 ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter & ‘Hamburg’ Between Two Stars
Usage: 5 April1882- 22 December 1882
14 APRIL 1882
Bavarian Postal Stationery Card,
commercial mail,
postmarked at Munich
sent to Hamburg.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Hamburg 1,
15 April 1882”
§ Pfennig..
Domestic Postcard Rate
ONiOnE PEE eee
QARTOLINA ITALIANA PER JEHSTER CENTESIMI DIE CtL.,
12 DECEMBER 1882
Halian UPU Postal
Stationery Card,
commercial mail,
- sent to Hamburg.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Hamburg 1,
14 December 1882”
10 Centesmi..
UPU Intemational
Postcard Rate
NB. Su questo ins non deve a ee = seriversi che ie solo indirizzo. Pe ———
: Bab po aoe a
Deurecne eccceoc 27 APRIL 1882
Reichspost Postal B STKARTE. Stationery Card,
commercial mail,
postmarked
(Klaucke Cancel) at
Muhlhausen (Alsace)
sent to Hamburg.
Yr
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Hamburg 1,
30 April 1882”
5 Pfennig...
Domestic Postcard Rate
HALLER HAMBURG 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 246mm Diameter, ‘Hamburg’ Between Two Smaii Cogwheei:.
Usage: 23-30 December 1882
27 DECEMBER 1882
Halian UPU Postal Stationery Card,
civilian mail, mailed at Florence, Italy,
sent to Hamburg.
Anival & Forwarding Postmarks: ‘Haller’
“Hamburg 1, 30 December (18)82, 8-9 AM” ‘Handstamp'’
“Hamburg-Péseldorf, 30 December (18)82, 9-10 AM"
10 Centesimi .. UPU International Postcard-Rate
Latest Known Usage.
One of Two Examples Known.
HALLER ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
HAMBURG 1
Posimark: Type ‘c’ ... Single- Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter,
Large ‘83’ Year Date
Usage: 1 January -— 31 July 1883
DeutscHe ReEicuspost,,”
FostKARTE.
9 MARCH 1893
Reichspost
Postal Stationery Card,
postmarked at Berlin W41, sent to Hamburg.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Hamburg 1,
10 March (18)83”
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic Postcard-Rate
HALLER ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
HAMBURG 1
Postmark: Type ‘d’... Single- Circle Dater Dial 27mm Diameter.
Small ‘83’ Year Date
Usage: 22 September 1883-16 July 1886
Ca A A A 25 SEPTEMBER 1883
zi a ,
mm Danish UPU
Postal Stationery Card,
commercial mail,
BAR PALI “YNIVERSELLE. ) Ny : |
gris!
postmarked at Sr ee
Fyen, Denmark, T FRA Dp .NMARK. =
sent fo Hamburg. ene Se ie ee
Adenne Side skrives k dressen!)
: = i : mn ve
g l i a
he el I
Ue e e
‘Haller’ He
Arrival Postmark: Es wu
ir i
“Hamburg 1, 25 September (18)93” L
y n e
aL
oF
10 Ore...
UPU International
Posicard Rate Hear Pe See NEES a ee 5 ol el ae
13 OCTOBER 1883
French Postal
Stationery Postal Card, commercial mail
postmarked at Marseille, France,
sent to
Hamburg.
‘Haller Arrival Postmark: “Hamburg 1,
15 October (18)93”
10 Centimes...
UPU International
Posicard Rate
HALLER ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
HAMBURG 1
Posfmark: Type ‘e’ ...
Single- Circle Dater Dial 297mm Diameter, Day /Month/Year Dates in Straight Line Format.
Usage: & October - 27 November 1897
oo Deutfche Reidhsport 3
i i + oe
eo ‘ % the “
9 MARCH 1893
Reichspost
Postal Stationery Card,
commercial mail
postmarked at Berlin W35, sent to Hamburg.
‘Haller Arrival Postmark:
“Hamburg 1,
6 October (18)97”
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic Postcard-Rate
Earliest Known Usage
HALLER HANNOVER 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ...
Single- Circle Dater Dial 27mm Diameter.
Usage: 2November 1883 - 23 October 1884
| DEUTSCHE REICHSPOST.
21 FEBRUARY 1884
Commercial
postcard,
postmarked at Elberfeld,
sent to Hanover.
oe OSTKARTE.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“(Hanover) Ausg. 21 February, N2, 4”
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ...
Single-Circle Dater Dial 28mm Diameter.
Usage: 2? October 1884 — 2 March 18906
Deutscue ReicHspost.
27 AUGUST 1896
Commercial postcard,
postmarked at Elze (Hannover),
sent locally.
‘Haller’
Artival Postmark:
“Hannover 1, 27
August (18)86”
186
5 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard rate
HALLER LEIPZIG
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘a’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 22mm Diameter, Small Type
Usage: 23 July 1882 - 15 September 1883
Kénigreich Bayern.
1 APRIL 1883 | ee a | Tos TRA TE.
Bavarian-Post Postal / pe
Stationery Card, Se postmarked at Munich, | =
sent to Leipzig. :
‘Haller’
Anival Postmark:
“2 April (1883)”
DeutscHe REICHSPOST.
FOSTKARTE,
| th. tO fO4 EG 0... F , a
(at-< 4... Meal dlradte dd. \ 2. # /
5 Pfennig .. Domestic Postcard-Rate.
28 JULY 1883
Reichspos? Postal stationery card, postmarked
at Nordhausen,
sent to Leipzig.
‘Haller
Anival Postmark:
“28 July (1883)"
HALLER LEIPZIG
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘b’ ... Single-Circle Dater Dial 22mm Diameter, Large Type
Usage: 23 September 1883 - 8 December 1884
17 JANUARY 1884
Bavarian-Post Postal Stationery
Card, postmarked at Jetzendorf,
sent to Leipzig. =
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“19 January (1884)”
5 Pfennig .. Domestic
Posicard-Rate
UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE
POST CARD—GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND |
(GRANDE BRETAGNE ET IRLANDE) y ‘ xy ~ :
THE ADDRESS ONLY TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SPOR ,
21 OCTOBER 1884
Great Britain & Ireland Postal Stationery Card,
postmarked at Edinburgh (Scotland),
sent te Leipzig.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“23 October (1884)”
One Penny.. UPU International Postcard Rate
HALLER LEIPZIG
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Type ‘c’... Single-Circie Dater Dial 23mm Diameter, Large Type
Usage: 5 January 1885-1 January 1874
DeutscHe REICHSPOST.
18 APRIL 1889 FOSTKARTE.
Reichspost . Postal Stationery
Card, postmarked at Wesel,
sent to Leipzig.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“19 April (1889)”
Wolimung: (eurasse wil Hausnuminer} wg aie en ark
- 1088
Kinigreid 27 * Wirltembeg)
Sofikarte. ase stew ee
18 AUGUST 1889
Se aA Wurttemberg-Post Postal Stationery Card,
postmarked at Stutigari,
sent to Leipzig.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“18 August (1889)”
HALLER ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
23 SEPTEMBER 1897
Switzerland-Post
Postal Card, postmarked at
Lausanne,
sent to Leipzig.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Leipzig 13, 26 September
(18)97”
5 Rappen... UPU International
Postcard Rate
Postmark: Type ‘dd’... Single-Circle Dater Dial 29mm Diameter, with ‘Star’ in Dial
Usage: 15 August 1897 - 1 January 1899
LEIPZIG 13
Cé té
ré se rv é
aA l’ ad re ss e.
V 97 — 5,280,000
f io ott
age eM bag aie eee Pd 4 A a ne
LAA LA An ae
Wobnung. (Gtrafe unb Sausrauntver)
“O ZZ
II IP
UL
[T B
OF BA IE ST I
07 8]
31 DECEMBER 1898
‘New Year's Greetings Card’, postmarked at Halle (Saale), sent to Leipzig.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Leipzig 13, 1 January 1899”
5 Pfennig .. Domestic
Postcard-Rate.
Latest Known Usage Example
HALLER MAGDEBURG 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter
Usage: 22 October 1883 - 17 May 1888
9 DECEMBER 1883
Commercial postcard,
postmarked at Eszek Hungary,
sent to Magdeburg.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark: “Magdeburg I,
Arrival, 11 December
(1 8)83”
2 Kreuzet.. Domestic
posicard rate valid for mail to Germany
7 MAY 1884
postcard, postmarked
at Elbeuf, France, sent to Magdeburg.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark: “Magdeburg 1,
Arrival, 15 May (18)84”
10 Centimes..
UPU Intemational
Postcard Rate.
HALLER MANNHEIM 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter
Usage: 19 March 1884-4 May 1885
30 MARCH 1884 | Be DeurscHe Reicuspost.,
postcard, postmarked
at Worms,
sent to
Mannheim.
Commercial . : | Bst KARTE
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark: “Mannheim 1,
30 March (18)84”
hes ees ed ee hho ew vee WN Sah dee Soe eek eee eee eee ee
5 Pfennig..
Domestic
posicard rate.
17 APRIL (1884)
Commercial
postcard, postmarked
at Mihibach,
Austria,
sent fo Mannheim.
Ce) oe
Correspondens - Harte. Carta di corrispondenza. An
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Mannheim 1,
18 April (18)84”
Domestic Austrian
Postcard Rate valid
for mail to
Germany.
(T ta
l. )
HALLER STETTIN 1
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Single-Circle Dater Dial 24mm Diameter
Usage: 21 January 1884-28 October 1887
DeutscHe REICHSPOST.
POsTKARTE,
Deutrscue Reicuspost.
Kost KARTE,
21 & 30 OCTOBER 1885
Reichspost Postal Stationery Cards,
commercial use,
postmarked at Casekow, sent to the same recipient at Stettin.
‘Haller’
Arrival Postmark:
“Stettin 1,
21 / 30 October (18)85”
5 Ptennig..
Domestic Postcard Rate.
HALLER STRASSBURG i. ELS.
ARRIVAL MARKINGS APPLIED ON IN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark: Single-Circle Dater Dial 26mm Diameter
Usage: 23 May 1884-16 April 1885
DeutTscCHE RB®ICHSPOST.
FosrK ARTE.
26 NOVEMBER 1884
Commercial postcard, postmarked
at Strassburg (Alsace), sent locally.
‘Haller’ Arrival Postmark:
“Strassburg i. Elsass, 26 November (18)84”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic Postcard Rate.
HALLER 1882 ‘ORIGIN’ POSTMARK TRIAL
Based on its success with the Reichsposf and its machine to apply arrival marks to in-bound mail,
IN 1882 ‘HALLER & COMPANY’ DEMONSTRATED (on previously used postal cards)
ITS RAPID HAND-OPERATED POSTMARKING MACHINE ABLE TO APPLY
ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL ... ‘FORERUNNER’ TO THE ‘HOSTER’ POSTMARKING MACHINE.
Postmark: 42mm diameter double-circle
indicating “Kaiserlich Deutsche Reichspost” along with an inner 25mm diameter
single dater dial.
Usage: (Berlin C2) 5 January & 1 February 1882
5 JANUARY 1882
‘Dummy’/used (1881) French Postal Stationery Card, on which the Haller Origin Postmark within a Reichspost Double-Dial
was applied in the upper-right corners of each card side,
One of three known examples from the 1882 demonstration trial.
Reverse
HOSTER 1883, 1885 - 1887
In 1883, Albert Hoste: of Hamburg, Germany, acquired the assets of ‘Haller & Company’ and subsequently established ‘The Postal Stamping & Patent Machinery Company Limited’ at London, England,
with both companies manufacturing & selling thei patented “HOSTER POSTMARKING MACHINES’
to the German Reichspost and the London General Post Office.
Whereas ‘Haller Machines’ applied arrival postmarks to in-bound mail, ‘Hoster Machines’ applied postmarks to out-going mail with
trials & field-operation at Berlin, Hamburg & London.
Postmark: ‘Berlin C.”
26mm Dater Dial
Usage: 10 - 13 April 1883
13 APRIL 1883
Forerunner Haller/Hoster trial postmark on a cover clip, postmarked at ‘Berlin C’,
from mail sent abroad.
20 Pfennig ..
UPU International Letter-Rate
for mail up to 15 grams.
One of two examples known with this example being the only one having
postage stamps clipped from a cover.
HOSTER BERLIN C.
1885
Postmark: ‘Berlin’ Die Type l..
No comer machine
serial number, ‘2’ to
the LEFT of ‘L’ in “BERLIN”.
Usage: 15 July - 6 November 1885
15 JULY 1885
Reichspost postal slationery reply-card
commercial mail, seni locally.
Earliest Reported
Operation Date & One of Two Known
Examples.
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic Posicard
Rate
31 AUGUST 1885
3 Piennig ..
Printed-Maiter up to
50 grams.
HOSTER BERLIN C.
1885
Postmark: ‘Beriin’ Die Type IL..
No comer machine
serial number:
‘2’ DIRECTLY UNDER ‘L’
in “BERLIN”.
Usage: 15 July —- 6 November 1885
20 AUGUST 1885
Cover, sent to
a church vicar at
Guben, Germany.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Guben 1, | ott le»)
21 May 1885,1-7 AM” | fon ; a
4 NOVEMBER 1885
Official mail cover, sent to to the ‘Imperial Court at Pleschen’ (Posen).
10 Pfennig .. Domestic Single-Weight (15 grams) Letter-Rate
HOSTER BERLIN C.
1885 - 1887
19 MARCH 1886 Ge e Off Cover, 7
local-city delivery. Ress
A) 10 Pfennig .. oe Domestic
single-weight (15 grams)
letter-rate.
Postmark: ‘Berlin’ Die Type IIL.
Machine serial number °27’ in
upper-left die comer, die number ‘1’ in lower-left corner, ‘2’ to the LEFT of ‘L’ in “BERLIN”.
Usage: 7 November 1885 — 3 April 1887
ahaa TU i oe REALE
aN 7 = : apa
WELYPUSTVERELN, (UNION POSTALE UNIVERQKBRE,) og ~
POSTKARTE aus DEUTSCHL (ALLEMAGNE,)
8 SEPTEMBER 1886
Reichspost postal stationery card, commercial mail,
sent to a business
in Liverpool,
England.
10 Pfennig .. UPU International
Posicard-fate
HOSTER BERLIN C.
1885 - 1887
Postmark: ‘Berlin’ Die Type IV..
Machine serial number '27’ in
upper-left comer; die number ‘2’ in lower-left corner. ‘2’ DIRECTLY UNDER ‘L’ in “BERLIN”.
Usage: 7 November 1885 — 3 April 1887
OFFICIAL
22 APRIL 1886
Folded- letter,
sent from
the ‘Imperial Couns’ at
Berlin
to a local
resident.
16 Pfennig .. Posiage-due ©
covering domestic
single- ye ee See eae weight : F ee
letter-rate.
COMMERCIAL
27 NOVEMBER 1886
Cover,
local-cilty
5 Pfennig .. Local-city
single-weighi letter-rate
Higenhindig. _ §.W. Wilhelmstr. 1a :
HOSTER BERLIN C.
POSTMARK TYPES Ill & IV USAGE 1885 - 1887
Machine serial number '27’ in upper-left die comer, ¢ ‘Tl’ or ‘2’ die-numbers in lower-left corner, ¢ Type Ill: ‘2’ in dater dial to the LEFT of ‘L’ of ‘Berlin’; ¢ Type IV: ‘2’ in dater dial DIRECTLY UNDER ‘L’ of ‘Berlin’.
DOUBLE POSTMARKING
21 MARCH 1886
As a result of incorrect in-feed into the machine,
this postal card was first postmarked
with ‘Die IV’ (lower-left corner)
resulting in non-canceling of the franking.
Upon realizing the mistake, the postal
clerk re-fed the card into the machine resulting
in postmarking with ‘Die II’.
Only known example of this variety.
1887 USAGE EXAMPLE
1 FEBRUARY 1887
By 1887, the ‘Berlin’ Hoster
Machine
required ever increasing Maintenance
resulting in much less post office machine use.
ae : . z Very few ‘1897’
| 3 ars = ee 4 Examples are | recorded.
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic Postal Card Rate
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 1
EARLIEST & LATEST RECORDED USAGES 1885 - 1887
Machine serial number '26’ in upper-left die corner: Type lk: ‘1’ die number in lower-left corner
Type Il: ‘2’ die number in lower left corner.
Usage: 17 September 1885 - 8 June 1887
EARLUEST KNOWN USE
MAILTO SWEDEN
17 SEPTEMBER 1885 {Hamburg Type tl’)
Commeitcial covet,
sent to
Sundvall, Sweden.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“18 September 1885”
20 Pfennig ...
UPU International
Single-Weight Letter-Rate Only Known Cover Example
LATEST KNOWN USE
8 JUNE 1887 (Hamburg Type I’)
ia ei 7 ety cel ae Newspaper
ee em ~aoEDe, ve er baa) re-directed to e ts ) Spandau.
3 Pfennig ... Domestic
printed-matter rate for mail to
50 grams.
Only Known example.
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 1
FOREIGN-DESTINATION COMMERCIAL COVERS 1885 - 1887
Machine serial number '26' in upper-left die corner, Type I: ‘1’ die number in lower-left corner;
Type Il: ‘2’ die number in lower left corner.
Usage: 17 September 1885 - 8 June 1887
MAIL TO DENMARK
18 SEPTEMBER 1885
(‘Hamburg Type !')
Postcard,
advertising mail,
sent to
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Arrival Postmark:
“Copenhagen,
Railway Station,
19 September 1885”
Second Day of Postmark Use.
MAILTO
UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
28 SEPTEMBER 1885 (‘Hamburg Type II’)
Mourning cover,
sent to
New York City,
. * New York. Se, ey 12-day transit time.
ace 92 bh ee
uddotjoh Wit - dj eedy 4 Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
4 | “10 October 1885” J AAO Y
AY 40 Ptennig
ee
Only Known Hoster Machine Postmark
Cover sent to U.S.A.
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 1
FOREIGN-DESTINATION COMMERCIAL COVERS 1885 - 1887
Machine serial number ’24' in upper-left die comer; Type |: ‘1’ die number in lower-left comer; Type Il: ‘2’ die number in lower left comer.
Usage: 17 September 1885 - 8 June 1887
MAIL TO SPAIN
21 OCTOBER 1885 (‘Hamburg Type |’)
Folded-letter, senittoa
business in Malaga, Spain.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Malaga,
25 October 1885”
MAILTO NORWAY
11 NOVEMBER 1885
(‘Hamburg Type fi’)
Folded-letter sent to a business at Bergen, Norway.
20 Pfennig ..
UPU International Single-Weighi (15 grams) Letier-Rate
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 1
FOREIGN-DESTINATION POSTCARD MAIL 1885 - 1887
MAILTO AUSTRIA
22 OCTOBER 1885 (‘Hamburg Type I')
Reichspost Postal Card, sent to a business in
Vienna, Austria.
Arrival Postmark: . (Reverse)
“Vienna,
24 September 1885”
5 Pfennig =
German domestic
posicard-rate
valid for mail fo Austria.
Machine serial number '26’ in upper-left die corer: Type |: ‘1’ die number in lower-left comer: Type Il: ‘2’ die number in lower left corner.
Usage: 17 September 1885 — 8 June 1887
O83
Herrn
Apotheker
MAIL TO SWEDEN
28 NOVEMBER 1885 (‘Hamburg Type I’)
Postcard,
printed-matter/ advertising to a
pharmacy (offering
Ether, Cocaine, Chinin),
sent fo Fransta,
Sweden
Moses. | | 5 Pfennig ..
GSOreinton haat _ Printed-Matter Rate
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 1
1885 - 1887
COMMERCIAL PRINTED MATTER .. SHIP ARRIVAL NOTIFICATION
Deurscue Reicuspost{*<
Djs HAMBURG-NEW-YORK'er Post- _ Dampfschiif
sduevia’, Capitain Ludwig,
welehes am 21. October yon hier direct nach New-York expedirt, ist am
3. November 3. Uhr Mittags wohlbehalten in New-York angekommen.
HAMBURG, den 3. November 1985.
Hamburg-Amerikanische
Packetfahri-Actien-Geselischalt. Delchstrasse 7.
Reverse
4 NOVEMBER 1885 (‘Hamburg Type I’)
Commercial printed-matter ship arrival advice- notification sent to a recipient in Berlin.
3 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-matter rate for mail to 50 grams.
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 1
MISALIGNMENT OF POSTMARK WITH FRANKING 1885 - 1887
Machine serial number ’26’ in upper-left die comer; Type Ii: '2’ die number in lower left comer.
The ‘Hoster’ Machine was relatively inflexible and ineffective in that
MAIL HAD TO BE PRE-SORTED BY SIZE AND TYPE for postmarks to be properly positioned
to obliterate or ‘kill’ the postage franking, requiring the machine’s in-feed assembly
to be adjusted according to mail size and type.
if not done, mail had to be re-fed through the machine or hand-cancelled.
19 OCTOBER 1885 (‘Hamburg Type II’)
Newspaper wrapper, sent to Glickstadt, Province Holstein.
Since the machine in-feed was not properly adjusted for the
mail type, this mail’s postage was not cancelled, requiring the postal clerk to
double-handle the mail and hand cancel.
4 r | 3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed-maiter rate for mail to 50 grams.
HOSTER HAMBURG P.A. 10
TRIAL AT HAMBURG-RAILWAY POST OFFICE #31 1885
Machine serial number '24’ in upper-left die comer; Type |: ‘1’ die number in lower-left comer;
Type Il: ‘2’ die number in lower left comer.
Usage: 15 - 20 October 1885
In 1885, the Reichspost requested that a ‘Hoster’
Machine be tested at the Hamburg Railway Post Office #31 (under the supervision of ‘Hamburg Post Office 10’).
where bulk lottery & other advertising mail was regularly
postmarked.
A short trial showed that the
MACHINE DID NOT EFFECTIVELY HANDLE LOTTERY ADVERTISING
OR OTHER BULK MAIL, resulting in removal of the machine and return to the manufacturer.
20 OCTOBER 1885 (‘Hamburg P.A. 10 Type |’)
Latest Recorded Usage Date & One of Two Known Examples of this Postmark.
BICKERDIKE 1898
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type |
In 1898 THE REICHSPOST PURCHASED TWO
BICKERDIKE POSTMARKING MACHINES
from the Canadian Postal Supply Company at Montreal, Canada,
FOR TESTING AT BERLIN & HAMBURG.
‘Machine 1’ was located at the Berlin‘C2’ — | Post Office and applied origin postmarks
to out-going mail.
Postmark: 23mm dater dial WITHOUT STARS
and having a 54mm long
7-Line/'DR’ obliterator.
Usage: 14May-5 July 1898
Romain Talbot 25 MAY 1898 BERLIN. C.
Commercial advertising postcard,
sent to Cologne.
e
3 Pfennig ..
Domestic imtninmsl tA ntiasr Dra Printed-Matier Rate
unto 50 ar ams VP iv IV Qiu 3
24 JUNE 1898
Commercial postcard, sent to BUdingen.
Domestic Postcard Rate
Wohnung (Strasse und Hausnummer) |2....... 2.2.2. .of-- oo AMALALLALE..
Ah 4
Less than ten examples recorded
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN C2 ...
1898
Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type 2
8 JULY 1898
Commercial postcard, sent to
Ndrnberg, Bavaria.
Arrival Postmark:
“Ndrnberg, ...
9 July 1898, 9-10 AM”
5 Pfennig .. Domestic
Postcard Rate
Earliest recorded date.
In July, 1898, the postmark dater dial was altered
from 23mm to 22mm in diameter with stars added.
Postmark: 22mm dater dial WITH STARS and having
a 22mm 7-Line obliterator.
Usage: 8 July-31 August 1898
SCHUCHARDT & SCHUTTE : BERLIN C. Ll N
Spandauer Strasse 59—61. D : ut] dh . R et ch P 0 os, :
Méschitien sme Dp ojtfa rte : Maschinenbau-Artikei.
an fea
oe ee Oe OP eo ee
Wohnung . Bet Sen eat (Strafe und Hausnummer,)
9 AUGUST 1898
Commercial (acknowledgemen})
postcard, sent to
Heiligenstadt.
Arrival Postmark: “Heiligenstadt
(Eichsfeld) 10 August 1898”
5 Pfennig...
Domestic
Postcard Rate
BICKERDIKE 1898 - 1901 BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type 3a
In September, 1898, the heretofore postmark (Machine 1/Type 2) having a short seven-line obliterator
was discontinued and REPLACED WITH one similar to the early ‘Type |’ having ‘DR’ IN THE OBLITERATOR.
Postmark: 22mm dater dial WITH STARS and having
a 56mm long 7-line/’DR’ obliterator.
Usage: 19 September 1898 - 29 July 1901
19 SEPTEMBER 1898
Inner-City Berlin commercial cover. |
5 Pfennig.. Inner-City
(closed envelope)
Lettéer-Rate
Earliest recorded date.
OLIN Bérsen-Buchdruckerei von Denier, & icoks 8, ~Berbistnk ophgue Ke
ree 2 oe F e; x 98 a
24 SEPTEMBER 1898
CS peas Inner-City Berlin,
commercial wrapper
printed-matter mail.
uh
Eigene Angelegenheit 3 Pfennig.. des Empfangers. Printed-Matter Rate
for mail up to
50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1901 BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type 3a
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL REICHSPOST INSTRUCTIONAL MAIL TO THE CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE & BUSINESS COMMUNITY
In 1901, because of its intention to use ‘Bickerdike' Machines for the postmarking of mail,
THE REICHSPOST REQUESTED CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE & THE BUSINESS
COMMUNITY TO OBSERVE UNIFORMITY IN THE PLACEMENT OF POSTAGE, LOCATIONS OF SENDER ADDRESSES & ADDRESSING OF MAIL versus placement of machine postmarks by the post office.
I. 18298.
sa Auf der im Februar d.J. tm Retchs—Postante mit Ver-
trete7n der Handels-und Jndustrtiekreise abgehaltenen Konfe-
renz haben bekanntlich auch Besprechtimgen tber Massnaiumen
SILT
Posty eo we
Ga oz. TO fe th womemusfes ; ‘aiediiieonbine
i hfpiit 12-18 <4) R= aera 01 * -
a
a
e e
ee e
e “a
vy
{
| { { i 1
{ { | /
|
eo s
' —
e e
f ?
S t e e t e e
“?
ee eee ees a ee
ji t
—— ee
Reichspost Cover Example How Mail is to be Prepared for Mailing & Postmarking
BICKERDIKE 1898 - 1901
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘T’ Postmark Type 3a
RE-DIRECTED OFFICIAL GERMAN FOREIGN OFFICE, COLONIAL DEPARTMENT, FREE-FRANK MAIL
2 MAY 1901
Official German Foreign Office (Berlin), Colonial Department Cover, sent to a customs official at Kiel,
re-directed, upon arrival, to Hamburg.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Hamburg Emsbiittel, 3 May 1901, 5-6 PM”
Free-Frank Mail cachet-endorsed as ‘Reichsdienstsache’ (lower left corner)
1898 - 1901
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘T’ Posimark Type 3a
OFFICIAL IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT EMPEROR'S OFFICE FREE-FRANK MAIL
—_ Ss SS ee
SON) Ns ee 3 as —
de eeet AV, } |: UENO S
A sets) ob i : 3 setae
Rh =
ae ee
26 SEPTEMBER 1900
Official cover sent from the
‘Imperial Office of the Kaiser & King of the German Empire’ at Berlin to a local government office
at Berlin-Schéneberg.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Delivered from the Schéneberg Post Office,
26 September 1901, 3- 3-1/2 PM”
Free-Frank Mail endorsed as ‘Imperial Mail Matier (lower left corner)
BICKERDIKE 1898 - 1901
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type 3a
OFFICIAL IMPERIAL EMPRESS’S FREE-FRANK PNEUMATIC MAIL
3 FEBRUARY 1900
(11-12 AM)
Official cover sent by the ‘Empress of the German Empire’
to a Berlin magazine.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Berlin S.W. P61 (R31)
3 February 1900, 11:30 AM”
Free-Frank Mail endorsed as ‘Imperial Mail’ (lower left corner)
Only known Empress Mail sent via the Pneumatic Mail System.
BICKERDIKE 1898 - 1901
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’ Postmark Type 3a
POSTAGE-DUE NEW YORK-ORIGIN GERMAN CONSULAR
OFFICIAL MAIL SENT TO GERMANY
11 JANUARY 1901
New York German Consulate-
General Official Cover, sent to Steinach,
Sachsen-Meiningen, Germany, via diplomatic
pouch fo Berlin.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Steinach, Sachsen- Meinigen, 12 January 1901”
Onainally fF f k aftimiced Originally WTwee-fank Gnicidi
ve rail > orirt met elas mail requiring postage due €y i raciral de from the recipient,
20 Pfennig..
Single-Weight (20 Grams) UPU international Letier-Rate
i 1 collected couecTed.
BICKERDIKE BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘T'
Postmark Type 3a
30 JANUARY 1899
Commercial
cover, sent to
‘Mayor Pressler’ at Kindelbriick,
Saxony Province.
Arrival Postmark: “Kindelbrick,
31 January 1899”
10 Pfennig... Domestic Letter- Rate for mail up
fo 20 grams.
1 APRIL 1901
1898 - 1901
DOMESTIC LONG-DISTANCE MAIL
Official Mail ‘subject to franking’, sent from the Berlin Office for Social Welfare | to the Magistrate of the City of Schwerin ... (requesting payment covering expenses incurred for the care given to one of their inhabitants).
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’ Postmark Type 3a
1898 - 1901
PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
10 OCTOBER 1900
Re-directed cover (open-envelope), An die
printed-matter enclosure, senttoa
imperial railway repair facility at Tempelin.
K-o°n i' fg l:i.e-h.» .-B ah nom e:1 Ss <6 1-6 4 60
i
Mn 13 APRIL 1901
2 | Advertising a ok Gy iy, postcard,
erie He BIC VOOM? eg eee | mailed by renowned
hen hen M.. e fe: Linge philatelic-dealer ‘Philipp Kosack’
| at Berlin,
oe Yi EE ee | to Hoyerswerda.
PUREE REE ENS SITE oe Wohuung -..: tated
(Strafe und Hausinum inet)
3 Pfennig ..
Printed-Matter Rate for Mail up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’ Postmark Type 3a
1898 - 1901
FOREIGN-BOUND POSTAL STATIONERY
LETTER-CARDS ? Deutfhe Reichspoft /
Kartenbrief MAIL TO SWITZERLAND
21 OCTOBER 1898
Between ‘7-1/2-8’ PM on 21 October,
the ‘Bickerdike’ : Machine’s postmark
die-guide became misaligned. resulting in only the dater dial being applied as the O
e w t
e e e — — ee
C P C e e
ee O O O e
eS
postmark. :
As a result, the postal | — clerk had to hand-cancel ... o “Nachtraglich entwertet” ¢
(canceled later’)
the un-postmarked stamp.
One hour later (9-10 PM),
the machine was again
postmarking properly as illustrated by the adjacent
example.
T C C C C K C E K C K C C C K T C C C E C C
C e C e e e e e e n e e t e
ec
(Strafe und $a usnummer)
C R T C
C O C K E C K C C E C E
R S C e e e e e e e e e e e e t o e e n
e e s e r a
C E C K C C H C K C
E C C
K R C e e e e t e
MAILTO BELGIUM
22 OCTOBER 1898
Lottery advertising Postal stationery
letter-card,
sent to Anvers, Belgium.
20 Pfennig:
UPU International
Letier-Rate
BICKERDIKE 1898 - 1901
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type 3a
ILLUSTRATED ADVERTISING PRINTED MATTER POSTCARD MAIL
_ HERMANN HURWITZ & Co,
BERLIN C. Li
ee Yeu! Detroleum-Gliihlidt P — — es wirllidy briudiiar “dem GASH odUg gleich, “ani je
illustrated Advertising Postcard Sampe ole Weiteres suhtreter Paw et sila aleich, denmiarn
(for a new type of pefroleum lamp) falnett, Dea Ouiva Spnedmagiated! wie po colfoemen qidber Gud, dag Wi NS inet eehietes, jum Masprobiccn amt Sybrer cigenee sent to Pebvolenar fampe, Alwen citer completion Oinblidjt- renner “ supantidre Gefahky wad Hayton, ebne jeten Haat evan jit Gbericetea
Gitersloh Wir bebe beyouders hevvor, dug der Sli phorper fehfeit
ttanspertfibers ijt sad dag der Upparad ofr yu enden oder je late gerales beeunt, Ferner dag teak cher deudjthraft ven ca, UB Hevgen der Petroleumerrbranh ecu jo aupereraentlids geringer te Stade ca. ¢ Pjeuriay ip, dae der Mppacat fled fibon wah frejer Beil voll bejaldi macht a = {ir bemetten anstritclich, dag wit jebe wulerer vorichendten Sehanphimgen wertreicm wed nuen Sie dere Nictagheit jelber prifen, mem Sie wns Me portofreie Ueherjendung eines Mpparaies wu probemeifes Gebraady fr a Cage ioime Zabinmay crlashen,
oy _ Ein compicticn Qeeaner mit Podl, Glawksrper und Cyliader hetet Wik. 5, — Criak-Glajyharper 73 Pf.
fowthachtomg sod
Hermann Hurwitz & Co. Alfeinige Concessiowiles fair das Io- und Analand.
Berlin (., Siralaverstr. 56.
(Province Westphalia).
3 Pfennig .. Domestic Printed-Matter Rate
for mail up to 50 grams J. Spies Patent,
(Reverse)
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1904 BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘I’ —
Postmark Type 3b
EARLY IN 1901, THE HERETOFORE 56mm OBLITERATOR WAS REPLACED
WITH ONE HAVING 50mm IN LENGTH. Postmark: 23mm dater dial WITH STARS and having
a circa 50mm long heavy 7-LINE/’DR’ & SLIGHTLY NARROWED CROWN obliterator
Usage: 21 January 1901 - 22 November 1904
oth cone POST OFFICE ses OFFICIAL MAIL
9 OCTOBER 1901
Official free-frank post office postcard,
sent locally
Arrival Postmark:
“Gross Lichterfelde (Anhalter Bahnhof),
9 October 1901”
COMMERCIAL MAIL
TO ENGLAND
24 MARCH 1902
UPU International Postal Stationery
Card, commercial mail, sent to
London.
Arrival Postmark:
“London E.C., March 26, 1902”
10 Pfennig.. UPU |! nternatio nal
Postcard Rate FUSILCUIU RUTS
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1904
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’ Postmark Type 3b
LOCAL-CITY ‘UDAICA’ PRINTED-MATTER
24 NOVEMBER 1901
Cover, printed-matter enclosed, sent from the “Liberal Society for the Affairs of the Jewish Community in Berlin”
to a local address.
2 Pfennig ..
Local-Cily ‘Printed-Matter Rate’
up to 50 grams in weight.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1904
BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘1’ PRINTED-MATTER MAIL Postmark Type 3b
17 JULY 1902
View-Card, sent to Hamburg.
Arrival: Postmark: “Hamburg,
18 July 1902, 5-6 AM”
29 FEBRUARY 1904
Commercial cover
(unsealed),
sent to
Woyens.
3 Pfennig ..
Domestic ‘Printed-Matter Rate’ for mail up fo 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1898 - 1899 BERLIN C2 ... Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type 1 .. Service/Arrival Postmarks
An acquired SECOND ‘BICKERDIKE’ POSTMARKING MACHINE,
installed in 1898 at the ‘Berlin C2’ Post Office
(also known as the ‘Briefpostamt’), APPLIED “SERVVICE OR RECEIVAL” POSTMARKS TO INCOMING MAIL.
Postmark: 22mm dater dial indicating “Bestellt vom
Brief P.A.” along with date and time
Usage: 9 August 1898 — 28 April 1899
&
Deutlthe Reicdspoft
Dofttarte
8 AUGUST 1898
Commercial mail, postmarked at Erfurt,
sent to Berlin.
Arrival Postmark:
“,.. 9 August 1898...”
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic ee Postcard Rate e 86 S\ in
ut AABAAL “7 Earliest recorded we
usage date. Co ee ee WV.
v , jit ‘
Pie CARTOLINA POSTALE. GENOVA
3 MARCH 1899
| ope ‘Gruss aus Genoa os SS (Italy) Viewcard, atet— Che sent to Berlin.
Arrival Postmark:
“...5 March 1898...”
x é ao | <A Cate 10 Italian Cents ... P rl : UPU International
( @)*, Qy,-Iyay af “3 ) Hd Sbual@igey ag: Postcard-Rate. < ny (a) _ Stato estero di destinaztone.
BICKERDIKE 1899 - 1904
By mid-1899, THE SECOND TRIAL ‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINE
from the ‘Berlin C2’ Post Office’ WAS TRANSFERRED TO HAMBURG
for applying origin-postmarks to outgoing mail.
Postmark: 22mm dater dial with a 7-Line/
‘Amb’ obliterator
Usage: 30 December 1899-13 June 1904
30 DECEMBER 1899
Local city greeting card use.
Earliest Known
Usage.
> Wy wil TYG, Vi 5 E a i]
S\N Zn. Se SSH |/\/ G4. ee lla, y, 1 JANUARY 1900
Up-rated card, sent to the
“Pyramids” .. Cairo,
Egypt.
Arrival Postmark:
“Alexandria-Cairo,
7 January 1900”
“Pyramide, 7 January 1900”
10 Pfennig..
UPU International
Postcard-Rate
(Strafe und Sausaunimer)
BICKERDIKE 1899 - 1904
HAMBURG (Post Office 1) ... Machine ‘2' ee ee
20 SEPTEMBER 1901
Postage required official
folded-letier, sent
from the Hamburg
Police to the Rothenburg- City Police
Administration — (advising them — that one of their
residents had been fined for ‘begging’).
10 Pfennig.. Domestic
long-distance letter-rate.
22 FEBRUARY 1904
Local city cover sentto
the Hamburg police court.
5 Pfennig.. inner-city
(closed envelope}
letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1899 - 1904 HAMBURG (Post Office 1) ... Machine ‘2’ 2 PFENNIG USAGE
Postmark: 22mm dater dial with a 7-Line/
‘dmb’ obliterator
Usage: 30 December 1899 - 13 June 1904
INNER-CITY
PRINTED- MATTER MAIL
1 SEPTEMBER
1900
Unsealed cover..
printed- matter
enclosure.
2 Pfennig .. inner-city
rate for printed-
matter mail
up to 50 grams.
INNER-CITY
POSTCARD MAIL
29 JANUARY 1902
Viewcard, sent locally.
2 Pfennig..
inner-city postcard rate
BICKERDIKE 1899 - 1904
HAMBURG (Post Office 1) ... Machine ‘2’
Although generally effective and efficient, THE ‘BICKERDIKE’ DID EXPERIENCE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS
REQUIRING MAINTENANCE.
MISSING YEAR DATE ‘1902’
Either the postal clerk forgot to insert the
year type ‘02’ into the
dater dial, or the type fell out, resulting in
the missing year date
(19)’02’ in the dater dial.
30 APRIL (1902) Local city
view-card mail.
2 Pfennig... inner-city
posicard-rate.
24 JANUARY (1902)
Reichspost postal stationery letter-card,
postmarked at Hamburg, sent
to Berlin.
10 Pfennig... Domestic
letter-rate.
wa na
y e e
a
2 T S
Te h e t
* i
F \
e e
: ‘
t+
- S
WS eh
it ae
"ie
i e?
sa e
La ss ay ae as >
>;
*
r R
A e u t o
e d
gg +s
os t
R R R
B R A S R A R
A W S
§ jc
, ss
DISPLACED POSTMARK REQUIRING
HAND-CANCELLING OF POSTAGE
Postmark misaligned or improperly positioned
because of incorrect in- feed to machine, or
malfunction of machine, requiring the postal clerk to hand-cancel the postage.
22 APRIL 1901 Reichspost postal
Stationery-card sent
inner-city.
2 Pfennig .. Local-city postcard rate
BICKERDIKE 190-02
EXPANDED TRIAL PHASE USAGE .. 1901-1902
After three years of experimental trials with two Bickerdike Machines, i.e. one each operating at the ‘Berlin C2’ and ‘Hamburg 1’
Post Offices, the Reichspost concluded that the machines were satisfactorily effective and efficient.
In 1901, the Reichspost purchased an additional six machines from the Canadian Postal Supply Company of Montreal, Canada, for
allocation to the following post offices:
Berlin: Post Office ‘W 8’ Berlin: Post Office ‘SW 12’ Berlin: Post Office ‘SW 19’ Berlin: Reichspost Museum
Leipzig: Post Office ’13’ (Two Machines)
With the introduction of those machines, the attractive
‘REICHSPOST POSTAL FLAG’ WAS NOW PART OF THE POSTMARK, CONSISTING OF ‘DATER DIAL’ WITH ‘FLAG WITH BANNER, TASSELS, CROWN & POSTAL HORN’ OBLITERATOR IN USE BETWEEN 1901-1902.
1901-Style Dater Dial
1902-Style Dater Dial
BICKERDIKE 1901
BERLIN W8 ... Machine ‘3’ COMMERCIAL MAIL
Postmark Type la
A third ‘Bickerdike’ was acquired in 1901 for testing at the ‘Berlin W8’ Post Office and applied
A NEW DESIGNED ‘IMPERIAL POSTAL FLAG’ POSTMARK OBLITERATOR.
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ having the year-date at the dial-botiom between TWO STARS AT MID-POINT becoming Type la .. with ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 12 October 1901 -—ca. 13. December 1701
12 OCTOBER 1901
Commercial postal card, sentto
Magdeburg.
5 Pfennig .. Postal stationery-
card at the long-distance
postcard-rate.
Earliest recorded usage date
—
12 NOVEMBER
1901
Commercial advertising foldec
card, sentio
Halle, Saxony Province
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed. matter rate for
mail up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE 1901
BERLIN W8 ... Machine ‘3’ COMMERCIAL MAIL
Postmark Type la
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having year-date at the bottom of dial
between TWO STARS AT MID-POINT... Type la... with ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 12 October 1901 -—ca. 13 December 1901
14 NOVEMBER 1901
Commercial cover,
sender ...
Berlin ‘Zeiftungsamf = Newspaper Subscription
Office (Stamp with ‘ZA’ Perfin), sent fo Hanau,
Germany
3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed-
matier rate
(unsealed cover)
weighing up to 50
grams.
2 NOVEMBER 1901
Commercial
cover, sender...
renowned Credit
information & Collection Agency “Schimmelpfeng”,
sent fo Brugg, Switzerland.
20 Pfennig.. UPU International Single Weight Letter-Rate {15 grarns)
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
BERLIN W8 ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type Ib
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having year-date at the bottom of dial between TWO STARS AT HIGH-POINT... Type Ib... with ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 14 December 1901 - 1 March 1902
Earliest
Recorded
Date
RETURNED MAIL
Pa ae 7 eS ele Sees eee
24 DECEMBER 1901
Commercial attorney’s-cover, sent to & returned
(because of lack of street-address) from Dresden
(hand-stamp) “Zurick” on front and ‘ «Dine, Ce notification/explanation label on reverse. . Crinpf mefettat el well
“wieby cibnenige Hig. Return Postmark: ne ier wohnbaft find.
(reverse) RKalferl, aonant in Desbe “Berlin...26 December 1901” atienftr.).
10 Pfennig...Domestic single-weight letter-rate
BICKERDIKE 1902
BERLIN W8 ... Machine ‘3’ PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
Postmark Type II
After only nine months, use of the ‘flag obliterator’ at the
‘Berlin W8’ Post Office ceased. A NEW OBLITERATOR HAVING ‘DR & CROWN’ BETWEEN SEVEN
HORIZONTAL LINES
was now inserted in ‘Machine 3’.
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having the year-date at the bottom along with a 63mm-long obliterator
‘DR & Crown’ between seven horizontal lines =Type Il.
Usage: 19 March- 27 December 1902
1 APRIL 1902
Book order form
card (Buicherzetiel),
sent to the
police administration
at ‘Krallwitz’ with
re-direction to Halle.
16 MAY 1902
Advertising postcard, sent tc the chamber of
< 3 commerce at os Giessen.
Latest Recordec
Date
3 Pfennig .. Domestic Printed-Matier Rate for mail weighing up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
BERLIN W8 ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type Ib
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having year-date at the bottom of dial between TWO STARS AT HIGH-POINT...
Type Ib... with ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 14December-1 March 1702
INTERNATIONAL UPU- ENDORSEDCARD ——sis_—S
USED DOMESTICALLY = 9 ~ 26 FEBRUARY 19702
UPU Photo-Card sent as printed-matier | (ten words or less writing)
— sentto Rostock, Germany.
3 Pfennig .. Domestic
printed-matier postcard-rate
POSTAL STATIONERY REPLY-CARD —
21 FEBRUARY 1902
Reply-card commercial mail, sent to Kontanz,
Province Baden,
Germany.
§ Pfennig.. Domestic
long-distance-mail posicard-rate.
Wobmuing (Strage unb Bavénunmer)
BICKERDIKE 1901
BERLIN SW 12 ... Machine ‘4’ Postmark Type la
The ‘FOURTH’ BICKERDIKE MACHINE, acquired in 1901,
WAS OPERATION-TESTED AT THE ‘BERLIN SW 12’ POST OFFICE.
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe ‘arch’ within dial having the year-date at the bottom between TWO STARS AT MID-POINT...
Type la... with ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 14September 1901 - Approx. 13. December 1901
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
Nepaes Se af LEBEL CS 7 oe Li ff ee
geo Ya a
oo Ce ae Lee
OMe a
Ye If fee og
ae
4 DECEMBER 1901
Commercial cover, enclosed printed-matter,
sent to Marwitz, Province Brandenburg.
3 Pfennig .. Domestic Printed-matter rate
(unseacied cover)
for mail weighing up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
BERLIN SW 12 ... Machine ‘4’ Postmark Type Ib
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe’ arch’ within dial having year-date at the bottom between TWO STARS AT HIGH-POINT... Type Ib... and ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 16 September 1901 - 18 July 1902
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER MAIL TO BAVARIA
[VERLAGSBUCHIANDLUNG PAUL PAREY
BERLIN SW. 10 HEDEMANNSTRASSE.
21 JUNE 1902
Cover, printed-matter, sent to Munich, Bavaria,
a German province with an independent postal domain at the time.
Arrival Postmark: (reverse)
“Miinchen, 22 June 1901..”
3 Pfennig... Domestic printed-matter rate
for mail weighing up to
50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
BERLIN SW 12 ... Machine ‘4’ Postmark Type Ib
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with
‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having year-date at the bottom between TWO STARS AT HIGH-POINT... Type Ib... and ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 16 September 1701 -18 July 1902
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
DOMESTIC MAIL
16 DECEMBER 1901
Printed-matter advertising card, sent to Dresden.
3 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matter rate
for mail weighing up
fo 50 grams. ee AMO? (A CLE
| 3 ee First Day of Usage. A BE ny ak fim Wobnung LAMM YCUAAIY AL :
(Strage und Gausnummier),
MAIL TO THE U.S.A. |
4 APRIL 1902
U.S.A.-bound , | printed-matier mail
24 LE a ; et A ; it se a Rn
<2 . : eee es §-Pfennig ..
(eee ee ee ee UPU International
CZ Printed-Matter f Lie ab — {unsealed cover)
weighing up to =
see a7 o ae 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN SW 19 ... Machine ‘5’ Postmark Type la
1901
The ‘FIFTH’ BICKERDIKE MACHINE, acquired in 1901,
WAS OPERATION-TESTED AT THE
‘BERLIN SW 19’ POST OFFICE.
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch within dial having the year-date at the bottom between TWO STARTS AT MID-POINT... Type Ia... and ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 28 September 1901 - ca. 14 December 1701
5 OCTOBER 1901
Cover, commercial
printed-matter advertising
(“United Typewriter
Supplies Company”),
sent locally.
Herm
2 Pfennig... inner-city rate o en f f
for printed-matter
weighing up to
50 grams.
W. 8.
Taubenstr. 44. 40.
7 OCTOBER 1901
Reichspos? postal stationery card, sent
to “Department
Store Louvre” at Paris, France.
Arrival Postmark: “Paris,
8 October 1901”
10 Pfennig ... UPU International
Postcard-fate
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN SW 19 ... Machine ‘5’ Postmark Type Ib
1901-1902 Commercial Printed-Mater
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having year-date at the bottom between TWO STARS AT HIGH-POINT... Type Ib... with ‘flag’ obliterator.
17 December 1901 — 14 July 1902
17 DECEMBER 1901
Commercial printed-matter (cover) sent to
Gross.
Ammensleben, Province Saxony.
Earliest Reported Date
POSTAGE AFFIXED BY COIL-STAMP- APPLICATOR {Note: Tep & Botiom of
Postage Stamp)
4 APRIL 1902
Commercial cover, sent to
Jonsdort, Province Saxony.
Company Arrival Mark:
“5 April 1902” 3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed-matter rate for up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN ‘Postmuseum’ ... Machine ‘6’
1901
The ‘SIXTH’ BICKERDIKE MACHINE, acquired in 1901, WAS DESTINED FOR THE POSTAL MUSEUM AT BERLIN.
Despite not intended for field-operation, postal authorities authorized a ‘Postmuseum’
dater dial with Imperial Postal Flag Obliterator
Ten proof examples of the postmark are recorded:
(2) on biank ‘entires’
(one cover and one 2-Pfennig postal stationery card)
& (8) on piece-clips (five with the 1900 ‘Reichsposf Germania-series stamps
& three without).
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within dial having the year-date at the bottom between a ‘star’ & ‘M’.
Dates Recorded: (9) Examples = 7 December 1901 (1) Example = 12 December 1901
7 DECEMBER 1901
Only recorded cover with
‘Postmuseum’
proof postmark.
Exp. Kruschel
rer |
| fro ¢ 4 i; : vr eo = a Al '
. ¢ ( \ é ie aN \) :
Ne a \ VAN | LAW VAY | : oe: [ROE
an
| i E
Miwa eennnannineha dean nh ad eam ens aamenae nanan a dmiendelaceysepeewtsedchamuad aawWlsdaduncnesananenawhwodespaccussuuccstaecwcutedantcteue } i 1
| . | : . )
Ue ci ee sete ret ett or eee ae am a nee ones |
| SUDA ot deter nie eet ra NL eae etalk Me Wenen GN Aaes 3 PEtrages tine pausing Soe eee ee Sears Stak pte fed Speen te eee Se Sy WY mre
12 DECEMBER 1901
Only recorded ‘Posimuseum'
postmark
ona Reichspost 2 Pfg-Postal
Stationery Card & only
"12 December 1901’ dated example.
Cert. Jaeschke-Lanielme
a
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG
ial '
wel tee as Rostock WPee
Meaty "Sc hwarte 4 Br, - ”
‘te Hey Tpetenbeny
Haenarar Berlin Bronterg 5 * * There
Breastchealg if: E rate feet a,
tg re ataber si *
Kite "Suscet “ aleprig ‘ea
Baus: Woiees® Orendon peers *
Frankfurt Sha, Cheanite Hreiias
See ehae
Murabera.
Stat hice ite gant
Fratharg ‘lim
Mnehra’
The seventh and eighth ‘Bickerdikes’ were acquired in 1901 and tested at the ‘Leipzig C13’
Post Office located at Dittrich Ring 20 in Central Leipzig.
‘BICKERDIKE 7’ APPLIED THE NEW-DESIGN ‘IMPERIAL POST.
POSTMARK TO OUT-GOING MAI AHIEE E ‘BICKERDIK r =3 AOSTA AD!
APPLIED “AR RI’ VAL Cc OR = =|
Illustration of the ‘Augustus Plaiz’ in Central Leipzig ..
location of the main Leipzig Post Office.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type !.. '13 A’
The ‘SEVENTH’ BICKERDIKE MACHINE, acquired in 1901, WAS OPERATION TESTED AT THE -
CENTRAL-CITY ‘LEIPZIG C13' POST OFFICE———__ applying postmarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe arch’ within
dial having the year-date at the bottom of dial between
a ‘star’ & an ‘A’ with a ‘flag’ obliterator.
Usage: 29 August 1901 — 8 September 1902
1901 USAGES
ELECTION & POLLING PLACE NOTIFICATION
21 SEPTEMBER 1901
‘City of Leipzig’ Postcard Notification
for election date & polling
center location.
Arrival Postmark: (Front)
Bickerdike Machine ‘8’ Cs applied postmark...
“Leipzig 13 b, 21 September 1901”
2 Pfennig ...
Local city
postcard rate
LOCAL CITY PRINTED-MATTER
LETTER-RATE
31 DECEMBER 1901
Cover, local city
delivery.
2 Piennig..
Local cily printed-matter
letter-rate for
mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type | .. 13 A’
RAILWAY FREIGHT
1901 - 1902
ARRIVAL NOTIFICATION
6 WwW ner a LEP au
9 NOVEMBER 1901
Free-frank freight arrival notification form,
validated by the posimark, sent by the
‘Imperial Prussian State Railway Authority’ confirming arrival of “one empty barrel”
shipped from the town of Cochem (Province of Thuringia)
and its availability for pick-up.
Only known usage example.
Das formulary Namelbezetichs whd vain ben GaterWifertigungs: . ficilen und dem Deltitterer unenige lif werobjolat und tit in Beto en Theiles (Stanm: und Vojaniit) vom Gerlenber anspilier Werben au} clnem wocmular migeede Seabungen amachiclbel, fo iff bie Higabl Sericloen beam. bet Biernon bexitheien Fradithriejé auf Ree Dorberjede ausigeben MUusnahneeweile fant anc der Berjandhababof porgeheieben-merden, fofern ber Mbfenber ang belonderen Grinder bas Gut out einem anberen ale den fir dajleibe tarifmatiq in Setradt fommenden Dabubele oaheechen wilnidt. Hue Wufnabme des Hettels dient feder Bokhrieliatten, “Der Gin mush im leben iefien fobae Brieiumigiag) uns unfraaiict gu bewirien und enificben and ber VeciGroerang burs vie Deft bem Auitragaeder telneriei Rolten Die Rocabe tana iehos auc an Dic Giier- Abiertiqunasicden fomic den Behatterer bears. befien Brute unmitizibar evloigen. Dic Whhalung des Gute ond ver Beheulang des Berfeubers geidiehi gegen Abgabe oe8 ciberen Bettelthelics (Sanus), Be Rollgels cxQklt per Weirkiterer hie
i angriongene 50 ke ted ist featiricie angeacheeen Dowides trmrbalé ber evita Geodgrentone (Stavibesirt)
ber Gilaiter 15 Bi, minbdefiens YO By. fir bie Fromtoricifenbang, , Soltetaiiter!d ‘- Se ee a
innerhalb der poetten Gebahrengone (Geroric) her Gilgiter 2% Bf, mindeficens 50 By. filly bie Frocdthrieljembena,
, ShadgiterIa _,, ea i Fie andere Giterarten, wie Webel 2, foramen Gojere Gelibeen
in Unlah. Die Mefitherums von Shien ans Goheren Gtodwerien, Kellern a, unk it Bere Ridwme wird gegen Gehebung Gelonbderer Gebtijren — Ginkgiantgebiifnen — Genirit
Die Fabrmerlshegiviter haben ben GeSiijeentori (ets bei i yu fiifren and ont Serlangen worguicigen.
Die Ubinivicife bewrdgt tawerhalb bee evften Gebiibrenjone Soibtens fiir Gilgut 6, fix Stiigut 12 Stunden, crnechalb ber pociten Gedibrem fone Godiftend fir Gilgut 12, tir Gtidaut 24 Standen
(Reverse)
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type! .. "13 A’
GOVERNMENT RELATED OFFICIAL MAIL
MILITARY TRAINING NOTIFICATION
15 MAY 1902
Postcard,
sent by the ‘Imperial
Military Command Office’ at Leipzig,
advising a local resident
of the time & location where he is
to appear for a 15-day Military training course.
Arrival Postmark: (Bickerdike Machine ‘8’
applied arrival Postmark) ..
“Leipzig 13 b, 15 May 1902”
2 Pfennig ... Local city
posicard rate
OFFICIAL | _ GOVERNMENT
FREE-FRANK MAIL
3 MARCH 1902
Cover, sent locally.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902 LEIPZIG 13... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type | .. °13 A’
1902 COVER USAGES
pena sg I EL IL IT I a ee re -
FOUR-COLOR FRANKING
12 MARCH 1902
Cover,
sent to Trebsen.
Arrival Postmark:
(reverse)
“Trebsen (Mulde) 13 March 1902”
20 Pfennig = (2+3+5+10 Pg ‘Crown & Eagle’ Series values) Double-weight
domestic letter-rate
for mail up to 250 grams.
COMMERCIAL 5 INNER-CITY ay MAIL
3 MARCH 1902
Cover,
advertising enclosure,
sent locally to renowned
vendor
“Mey & Edlich”.
Arrival Postmark (Reverse)
“Leipzig- Plagwiiz,
5 March 1902”
5 Pfennig.. Local-cily
ri, ee printed-matter
HO A 34 ela ech , sea 3 ee A . Sk ae rate.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type | .. '13 A’
LOCAL-CITY ADVERTISING MAIL .. 2-PFENNIG RATE POSTAL STATIONERY CARDS
25 OCTOBER 190
Postal stationery card, | dealer Correspondence,
sent locally.
31 MARCH 1902
Postal stationery card,
book dealer's advertising, sent locally.
Local city postal stationery cards use only.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type | .. 13 A’
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER RATED MAIL
BOOK ORDER FORM (Bicher-Zettel)
12 NOVEMBER 1901
ostcard as book order
form, sent to a book
dealer at Munich.
Arrival Postmark:
“Muenchen 2, B.P.B.,
13 November 1901..”
Aug Toerpe ae 7 1 SSS a
Leipzig | L Sir
Briiderstrasse 22.
PUBLISHER’S ADVERTISING MAIL
15 FEBRUARY 1902
Postcard,
sent to
Tunaberg {Province Saxony).
Wohnung er GARE Rew e gee amesesebiy Latha diese Waals bac nieluieuie eae e i en ane . : ee... a
Strasse und Hausnummer. =
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type |.. '13 A’
FIVE PFENNIG RATED MAIL
GOVERNMENT HEALTH & So aoe WELFARE INSURANCE at OFFICE NOTIFICATION Se & &
50 ¥ 41 \ 19 APRIL 1902
Postcard, sent by the ‘Leipzig
Government Health Insurance Office’
to Halle.
Arrival Postmark: (Haller Machine applied arrival Postmark)...
“Halle/Saale ‘2’ Arrival,
19 April 1902..”
5 Pfennig ... Domestic
postcard rate.
LOCAL-CITY CONCESSION LETTER-RATE
3 MARCH 1902
Cover,
sent locally.
§ Pfennig .. inner-city concession lett ay. reste Sever-fare.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902 LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ FOREIGN-BOUND
Postmark Type !.. °13 A’ POSTCARD MAIL
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1 JULY 1902
View-card,
sent to St. Louis,
Missouri
RUMANIA
21 FEBRUARY 1902
Up-rated domestic 2-Pig postal stationery reply
card set, sent to Bucharest, Rumania.
SUM
SOUTH AFRICA : =
14 OCTOBER 1901 E :
UPU Postcard, : : sent to 2 Z|
Orange River eae =
Colony, OS a
South Africa, ace cl censored upon aS :
arrival. 7 2 10 Pfennig ... Bee :
UPU international = Posicard-Rate =
SEARCH ip Ea SO eRe ES
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type | .. '13 A’
COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE .. FROM RENOWNED PUBLISHER ‘F.A. BROCKHAUS’
— Noft ae > 2 4
8-9Nj
ND anand oxo etree Cal cage ne oot ue ve aNiepy WN Cen gee elk MOR (Strafe und Gausnammer)
RE Kemmettes: ok, A. Brockhaus’ Leipzig, Fab, Leipaig..: *‘Sortiment aiid ft Aatiauatingy fe AG 80
8 JULY 1902 Leiprig)’ i ineage boadon EC, 45 Olt Bailey apiasiparte
‘Bew. MO Nie Weep ge , pis soe Commercial postcard, ee: oss ae
written & signed Ie a be ce crac omens sige aR a See ee aoe by renowned German publisher, GphinD aay tows tlP Oil dens ge Tage i
‘F.A. Brockhaus’, Leipzig, 1. Can, fetta, Pax Clear bape fli Fa sent to a book dealer at Halle. pei tate Mets Oe Se Sy a
ye es ee tenn: seth Finmaeam hin wiibicnFon
5 Pfennig .. a iy wcll gi Me tl On. Domestic meee Lise P—teng “Jaa Se ae i
postcard-rate Od ee —s
(Reverse)
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type |.. '13 A’
ILLUSTRATED ADVERTISING PRINTED-MATTER
18 NOVEMBER 1901
Attractive illustrated
printed-matter postcard, advertising the
‘American Laundry & Ironing Shops’ having six LEIPZIG locations,
sent locally.
2 Pfennig .. Local-City posicard & printed-matier rates.
(Reverse)
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type 1... 13 A’
OUT-BOUND MAIL .. FOREIGN REPLY POSTAL CARDS
MAIL TO FRANCE
12 OCTOBER 1901
Prepaid French Postal Stationery Reply Card, postmarked at Leipzig
with return to Paris, France.
MAILTO FINLAND (Russia)
23 NOVEMBER 1901
Prepaid Russian/Finland Postal Stationery Reply Card, postmarked at Leipzig with return to
Fredrikshamn,
Finland.
Arrival Postmark.. “\..Fredrikshamn,
26 November 1901...”
(pete d ence ewe
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type |.. ’13 A’
RE-DIRECTED FOREIGN-ORIGIN LOCAL MAIL
13 AUGUST 1902
‘Gruss aus Cortina d’Ampessa’ (Austria) Postcard,
sent to Leipzig, upon arrival found that the original local
address was invalid, card re-routed
& postmarked with a Bickerdike
‘flag dater-dial & flag obliterator’.
Arrival Postmarks: Original: “L.13, 15 August, 6-7 AM...”
Re-directed: “L.13, 15 August, 9-10 AM...”
10 Heller (Austria).. Concession postcard rate between
Austria & Germany.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘8’ Postmark Type | ..Service/Arrival Postmark.. 13 B’
The ‘EIGHTH’ BICKERDIKE, acquired in 1901,
WAS OPERATION-TESTED AT THE ‘LEIPZIG 13’ POST OFFICE AND DEDICATED TO APPLY ‘ARRIVAL’
POSTMARKS TO IN-COMING MAIL ONLY. Postmark: 24mm single-circle dial with ‘horseshoe
arch’ within and having the year-date at the bottom between a ‘STAR’ & ‘B’ with NO OBLITERATOR combined.
Usage: 6 September 1901 -— 12 September 1902
Bh SN i BR tac aoa alll ue oct
30 NOVEMBER 1901
2 oe eee 4 MARCH 1902
eff fect e....
Letolitedd A AEG
Local city usage with origin postmarks applied by ‘Bickerdike Machine 7’, with same day
post office processing, ‘Bickerdike Machine 8’ applied a service marking.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902
LEIPZIG 13... Machine ‘8’ Postmark Type | ..Service/Arrival Postmark.. '13 B’
‘ —
RE-DIRECTED | INNER-CITY MAIL
3 OCTOBER 1901
Re-directed city mail
resulting from an : incorrect original a fees Draper ee rice Sree er UDA Nev meiner t=) rs Lacan yey (eee on eGR at
address whereupon this hee mail received a service
postmark upon being re-processed.
Service Postmark:
“Leipzig 13 B,
3 October 1901 ..”
2 Piennig.. = | Local city : |
postcard-rate bo |
IN-BOUND MAIL
18 FEBRUARY 1902
View-card, postmarked at
Warzburg, Bavaria, sent to
Leipzig.
Ai tae Arrival Postmark: Sey eins yan eyes Een 5d Sa preston Wo em bal oa oie pare rere Pde Vs hae ceed en paw Rah waited Aa RAR WCKN uo oa auc atrta mets, jah aco sweeper piesa ys aba sani gee ee ea edeo mena aPnycge = “ Leipzig 13 B,
IN : a 18 February ae a . 1902,
8-9 AM”
oe é aye} . 3 ae 5 Ptennig..
x > nnd Wie Chk f.2%: : : Domestic ilixe ‘Hausnummier) ; posic ard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1901 - 1902 LEIPZIG 13 ... Machine ‘8’
Postmark Type | ..Service/Arrival Postmark.. "13 B'
LEIPZIG INNER-CITY .. COMMERCIAL MAIL
10 SEPTEMBER 1901
inner-city commercial cover (origin ..’Postal Station ‘5’),
sent locally with the ‘arrival’ postmark applied on the reverse of cover.
Arrival Postmark: “Leipzig 13 B, 10 September 1901, 9-10 PM”
5 Pfennig.. inner-city letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams.
Fourth day of postmark usage.
BELING & LUBKE 01-1988 BERLIN C *2E
in 1901-02, the Reichspost evaluated a domestically-buili positmarking machine submitted by the Beling & LGbke Company, having an innovative postmark-die
incorporating a revolving date/time wheel enabling quick alteration of date & time.
ALTHOUGH THE REICHSPOST REJECTED THE ‘BELING & LUBKE’ POSTMARKING MACHINE ITSELF, IT REQUIRED ALL NEW ‘BICKERDIKE’ POSTMARKING MACHINES
TO BE OUTFITTED WITH THE INNOVATIVE DATER-DIAL, AS MANUFACTURED BY THE GLEICHMANN COMPANY OF BERLIN.
Postmark: 24mm dater dial with ‘bridge’, indicating date, time & ‘Berlin.C *2E’ along with a new-design ‘flag’
obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 12 December 1901 - 11 June 1902
(UT.
612.01. 12-40; ‘ i
“
D. R. G. M. 152587.
agit
16 DECEMBER 1901
Commercial advertising ‘lottery advertising mail’ cover, sent to Erfurt, Germany.
3 Pfennig ..
Domestic printed-matter mail not exceeding 50 grams in weight.
BELING & LUBKE
BERLIN C *2E
1901 - 1902
GOVERNMENT NON-FREE-FRANK MAIL
Despite free-franking privilege for government business mail within imperial Germany,
FRANKING ON FOREIGN-BOUND OR POSTALLY INDEPENDENT GERMAN POSTAL PROVINCES WAS REQUIRED.
BERLIN CITY GOVERNMENT
MAIL TO POSTALLY- INDEPENDENT PROVINCE OF
BAVARIA
10 JANUARY 1902
Folded-letter, sent
to a factory in Munich, Bavaria.
cy eee tk |
ro ASTI ti By ‘ , PT ‘ep ateaenes : CL Lisidetaleball
OFFICIAL MAGISTRATE-
A
“a 3 Lj ha
fe:
OF-BERLIN MAIL TO THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
8 MARCH 1902
Folded letter, sent to
the Boston City Government.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Boston, Mass., March 19, 1902..”
se n a
A e
Ss oe a (Hey & Dolphin Machine ~ f : ; applied service mark)
pe sy = A tte # ee 2 fg a fe oe ba 20 Pfennig ..
<a se fi Ve “ —— Single-weight UPU é International
Letter-Rate
BELING & LUBKE
BERLIN C *2E
INNER-CITY MAIL
31 DECEMBER 1901
Embossed
‘New Year's
Greetings’ Card, sent locally.
2 Pfennig ..
inner-city
postcard-rate.
1901 - 1902
DOMESTIC POSTCARD RATES
ARERRE S
a a
P e
t a e F r e
f *
P o e )
Na
= Za \icaes
‘ew
¥
rise
~~ i Ny
Nees
UP-RATED LONG-DISTANCE
REPLY CARD WITH
DOUBLE POSTMARK STRIKES
9 JANUARY 1902
Up-rated 2 Pfennig postal stationery
reply-card, sent to
Zernin (Province Mecklenburg).
Arrival Postmark:
“Warnow (Meckib.) 9 January 1901”
5 Pfennig .. (2+3 Pfg.)
Domestic
long-distance
positcard-rate.
BELING & LUBKE 1901 - 1902 DOMESTIC LETTER-RATE TYPES
BERLIN C *2E
LOCAL
INNER-CITY LETTER MAIL
16 MARCH 1902
Cover, endorsed
“Eilig!” (Rush), sent locally.
5 Pfennig .. inner-city
single-weight (20 grams)
letier-rate
DOMESTIC LONG-DISTANCE
LETTER-MAIL
10 JANUARY 1901
Cover, sent to the “Imperial Civil Court”
at Leipzig.
10 Pfennig .. Domestic
single-weight (20 grams)
letter-rate.
' MIX & GENEST 1900 - 1904 ‘BELGIAN’ MANUFACTURED MECHANICAL TRIAL MACHINE (BERLIN)
In December 1899, the Berlin authorities removed an outdated Belgian-manufactured
mechanical postmarking device from their postal museum for testing suitability for applying origin-postmarks to out-going mail at the ‘Berlin 19’ Post Office.
A SUCCESSFUL TRAIL RESULTED IN THE ‘MIX & GENEST COMPANY’ RECEIVING CONTRACTS TO MANUFACTURE SIMILAR UP-DATED MECHANICAL POSTMARKING DEVICES FOR THREE BERLIN POST
OFFICES (1901) AND TWENTY-EIGHT FOR OTHER POST OFFICES IN GERMANY (1905).
Postmark: 24mm single dater-dial, wo SMALL STARS,
and text “Bestfellt vom Posfamfte 19" with date & time.
- Usage: 21 January 1900 - 8 September 1704
*« M,
IN-BOUND COMMERCIAL MAIL FROM SCOTLAND
25 DECEMBER 1901
Up -rated postal stationery
card, commercial mail, sent from Glasgow to Berlin.
Arrival Postmark: “Bestellt vom Postamte 19,
27 December 1901..”
One Penny.. UPU International Postcard Rate
INNER-CITY COMMERCIAL MAIL
2 SEPTEMBER 1904
Postal stationery card, sent through Post Office ‘Berlin 18’ to recipient in District
‘Post Office 19’.
Arrival Postmark: “Bestellt vom Postamte 19,
3 September 1904..”
2 Pfennig.. Inner-city postal card rate.
Latest known date.
MIX & GENEST 1901 - 1909 FIELD OPERATION: BERLIN 24, CASSEL 1, DANZIG 1
Postmark: 27mm single dater-dial, two LARGE STARS,
post office & number along with date & time.
Usage: November 1901 - April 1909
BERLIN or Zs “Bestellt vom Postamte 24" C\ OS|KAR z
Mh sw 2 JUNE 1906 Y 4
soe i ww wv wi in-bound viewcard In| ey : |
from Hamburg Mi a vo hao ee AWW VM,
AVM‘ 4 te
ane die ts reba \
* Taine oe E; ; » k
me, * Postkare - @ foe ca & \ 3
ere { on-b 92 2 : cee ee : & 90 Baars nur fiir Adrésge 4
Sg IP a ahi fy gd SS et ae AP PW +e iN | awe it 2G
va J Bp es “ oe
o sae ee “ :
j fa ‘ : E
5 . - re eA ee” ™
:
04, ns 4 \° cn’ NV Cee it 4 of CASSEL '
%y i fifr | a 4 ANKUNFT
Cute LZ [s- 28 MARCH 1906 In-bound viewcard
from Wernigerode.
DANZIG It
30 OCTOBER 1906
In-bound postal stationery card
From K6nigsberg.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate
HUGO LAU DRESDEN-ALTST. 1
SPORATICALLY BETWEEN JANUARY -MAY 1902 AT DRESDEN
& 31 JULY-12 SEPTEMBER 1902 AT BERLIN,
THE REICHSPOST EVALUATED THE ‘HUGO LAU’
POSTMARKING MACHINE
Postmark: 28mm dater dial with vertical grilLlirfes
along with nine staggered horizontal obliteratot fines.
Known
Usage: & April - 9 May 1902 (Dresden)
ake und Gausnummer)
8 APRIL 1902
Wurttemberg-State Prepaid Postal Card (valid for use in the Reichspost area),
postmarked at Dresden (Province Saxony),
sent to Friedrichshafen (Province Wirttemberg).
Arrival Postmark:
“Friedrichshafen,
9 April 1902..”
5 Pfennig .. Domestic postcard-rate
Earliest known example of two known.
BICKERDIKE 1902-1903
‘BELING & LUBKE’ INFLUENCE
In May, 1902, the ‘Canadian Postal Supply Company’ of Montredi, Canada, patent holder for the ‘Bickerdike’ Postmarking Machine transferred their patent & European sales rights to the German
Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionsfabriken of Karlsruhe.
In addition to warranty responsibility for the existing Canadian-built machines, the new company
proceeded to up-date postmark dies with NEW ‘REVOLVING DATER-DIALS',
as used in the ‘Beling & Libke’ Machines being tested at the ‘Berlin C2’ during 1901-1902 along
with new-design flag obliterators for most locations.
All new purchase orders for ‘Bickerdike’ Machines were henceforth built and supplied by the Deuische Waffen-und
Munitionsfabriken of Karlsruhe.
‘Leipzig 13a’ Post Office ‘Bickerdike' Postmark with the new ‘Revolving Dater Dial’ (24mm with full middle-bridge)
WITH FORMER ‘IMPERIAL POSTAL FLAG’ OBLITERATOR
‘Berlin SW19’ Post Office ‘Bickerdike’ Postmark with the new ‘Revolving Dater-Dial’ (26mm with full middle-bridge)
WITH NEW-DESIGN ‘IMPERIAL POSTAL FLAG’ OBLITERATOR
BICKERDIKE er BERLIN W *8* ... Machine ‘3’ EARLY & LATE USE DATES
Postmark Type II
In 1902, THE REICHSPOST HAD IN THEIR HERETOFORE ROUND
‘HORSESHOE ARCH’ TYPE DATER DIALS REPLACED WITH THE INNOVATIVE ROTARY DATE-TYPES
IN FIELD-OPERATING
‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINES BECOMING STANDARD
ON EXISTING & FUTURE ACQUIRED UNITS.
The first machines to be refitted with the new
dater-dials was the machine operating at the
‘Berlin W8’ Post Office.
Postmark: 26mm single-circle dial with ‘bridge’ with vertical
grill along with a 63mm.-long obliterator ‘DR &
Crown’ between seven horizontal lines...Type Ill.
Usage: 17 September 1902-18 February 1904
—_ Sa - - ee pee ee e SS
‘fen 27 SEPTEMBER 1902 <3 5
Postal stationery card, | A cs 2 sg sent to Crimmitschau. z . Peps a z
Early usage date.
Wobnung EL A rt A MAS A Pe
Carte postale Postkarte. Postcard. Dopfsn
* Cartolina postale. Levelezg-La Correspondenzkarte. _Briefika
Karta korespondencyjn! Pocztéwka. Orxkpniroe muc
18 FEBRUARY 1904
cedee pideaypeliceiae View-card, sent to Oe Trebschen.
Se idea oe MAL AIA 5A hii LI D4 MAAK Latest Recorded Sis ae Date.
5 Pfennig .. Domestic long- ee OM, > laa pe distance
aes till Lyle, “ff ML a postcard-rate
27626
BICKERDIKE 1902 - 1904
BERLIN W *8* ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type Ili
ADVERTISING MAIL
15 APRIL 1903
Cover, with printed-matter
enclosure,
sent to Hirschberg
(Province Silesia).
3 Pfennig ..
Domestic
printed-matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams a
OFFICIAL MAIL
24 October 1903
Official cover,
sent from the
‘Imperial Porcelain
Manufacturing
Company’ to
Fdrstenwalde.
10 Pfennig..
single-weight
{20 grams) letter-rate.
BICKERDIKE BERLIN W *8* ... Machine ‘3’
Postmark Type Ill
1902 - 1904
PERFIN-POSTAGE FRANKED MAIL
POST OFFICE eee Beet. eee ‘ alte es
NEWSPAPER- we 2 ~
OFFICE MAIL
29 OCTOBER 1903
Cover,
printed-matter with
Postage Perfin ‘LA.’
‘Zeitungsamt'’ (Post Office
Newspaper
Agency)
Berlin,
sent to the
‘Imperial Police Administration’
at Halle.
3 Pfennig .. (Perfin ‘Z.A.')
Domestic
printed-matter rate for mail
up fo 50 grams
——— = =
SHANNON -REGISTRATOR- Co.
Aug. Zeiss & Co. KERN oe a BERLIN W. ; =a PSSM Be TReS RE SP Po , mee
Gy SA AOE REY Tg | : |
sie we ; | oh
“Ache Siataieat esa en pe ‘ f ATCA MUR ra RNA SOT cw! aC : ‘ BR ee:
ADVERTISING MAIL
22 OCTOBER 1903
Adveriising postcard with Postage Perfin
“AL” = “August Zeiss
Company", sent to Rintein.
3 Pfennig.. (Perfin: “AZ”) Domestic
long-distance printed matter up fo 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1906 - 1907
BERLIN W *35* ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type IV
in 1906, the BICKERDIKE MACHINE, which was operaiing at the ‘Berlin W8' Post Office, was
TRANFERRED TO THE ‘BERLIN W35’ POST OFFICE,
where it applied origin postmarks to out-going mail. Postmark: 26mm single-circle dial with ‘bridge’ with vertical
grill along with a 63mm-long obliterator ‘DR & Crown’ between seven horizontal lines...Type IV.
Usage: 21 August 1906 - 25 May 1907
21 AUGUST 1906 Cartolina pestale: — Carte postale
Post Card — Briefkaart
View-card, Levelezé-Lap — O1xppiror nuchmo. sent to a Hee postal — Brefk
Ohlendorf, < Leet plac Waly’, Harz Mountains. toa f 14 Lf, I Yate re a
5 Pfennig 3 Me a, il Oe me Le pee Ag ae ~~ 7 on C PF ee a. a B
Domestic es, MA G- ae fi CS IO Goat otra aon eee
postcard-rate et, oe ft fap tl Joel wf , oc ae net fee ee
Earliest Date Usage. es is een je be ~~ A
ges Bens oe ee 5 tle fe Gree 24 BOUL ae wy pe = : i. Gog. A. Lagi
pit € tee ee : oe
me a A 2 Tt ae : an ee] ahi ee a ae Z ies es | ZALL a
25 MAY 1907
Cover,
enclosed
printed-matter,
sent to
“1st Lieutenant Koch"
stationed at
Ciistrin.
3 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matier
rate for mail weighing up fo
50 grams.
Latest Date Usage.
BICKERDIKE 1902 - 1905
BERLIN SW 12 ... Machine ‘4’ Postmark Type I!
BY LATE 1902, NEW REVOLVING
DATER-DIALS REPLACING THE HERETOFORE DIES WERE BEING INSERTED INTO EXISTING REICHSPOST ‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINES
ALONG WITH AN UP-DATED ‘FLAG’ OBLITERATOR, becoming standard for all subsequent ‘Bickerdike’
Machines purchased by the Reichsposi.
One of the first post offices to receive the new dies, was ‘Berlin SW 12’ (Goethestrasse), a postal station but also the
location of the philatelic sales office.
Postmark: 26mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 18 September 1902-11 December 1905
J. Meissler & Cie.
Handelsauskunttei ' Verlag von
» Meisslers Auskunit- Kalender fiir den internation. Handelsverkehr*
BERLIN S.W. 48 Bessel-Strasse 18, Syne as 6872.
sf.
- Miindliche Au skiinfte gratis gegen Jahresabonnement von6 M,
; Wohmng as oe ea ee epee acon eae sieeve aus SESS aire SNE gp deo Dee rec eee om
No,.88- i (Sirake with pont tie cs
Oversized advertising card, sent by Business Information Company “Meissner & Cie"
to Plaven, Province Saxony.
3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed-maiter
postcard rate
BICKERDIKE
BERLIN SW 12 ... Machine ‘4’ Postmark Type Il
1902 - 1905
PRINTED-MATTER TO GERMANY & AUSTRIA
Uwe deg
Hanighhen Hofbuchhanbdlung
&, &, Mittier & Sohn,
Berlin SWia, Kodiiraje e3—Ti.
3 Pfennig ..
Printed-matier rate for mail up to 50 grams for mail in Germany or to Austria.
GERMANY
31 OCTOBER 1902
Cover,
Printed- matter
enclosure Perfin..
“M&S” =
“Mifttler &
Sohn”
AUSTRIA
27 SEPTEMBER 1904
Advertising
Postcard.
BICKERDIKE 1906 - 1907 BERLIN SW *68* ... Machine ‘4’
Postmark Type Ili
In 1906, the ‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINE, heretofore operating at the ‘Berlin W12’ Post Office,
WAS TRANFERRED TO THE ‘BERLIN SW68’ POST OFFICE, where it applied postmarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 27mm double-circle dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 7 March 1906-13 April 1907
31 DECEMBER 1906
‘New Year's’ Carte postale. Postkarte., wie
Dopisnice. Correspondenzkarte, / ast Greetings postcard Post card, Weltpostvercin/ heal
sent to Union postale universelie. Unioné + (Berlin) Beemipnntit towropnit coman. Poccilr.
2 Karta korespondencyjna. Koresercey
Friedenau. Brefkort, Brevkort. Tarjela postailitl! a
5 Pfennig .. 7 7 fe es Son Domestic ae Se ED
Postcard rate. gate APE tea
et oe . m e
31 DECEMBER 1906
Cover, printed-matter
enclosure, sent to
(Berlin) Schoneberg
PRIVATE-PRINTED POSTAL CARD
5 DECEMBER 1906
Advertising card, sent to
Frankfurt/Main.
3 Pfennig...
Domestic ge ‘ . MUGS. --
Printed-maiter tStrabe: und Bausnummer)
BICKERDIKE
1902 - 1908
BERLIN SW *19* ... Machine ‘5’
Postmark Type II
ALONG WITH THE USE OF REVOLVING
DATER-DIALS TO EXISTING & SUBSEQUENTLY ACQUIRED
‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINES, THE NEW DESIGN
‘FLAG’ OBLITERATOR ALSO BECAME STANDARD
Postmark: 27mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge and vertical grill along with a ‘flag obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 21 October 1902-17 February 1908
16 FEBRUARY
1903
Cover, printed-matter advertising,
sent to Hainichen
(Leipzig).
3 Pfennig .. Domestic
printed-matter
rate for mail up
to 50 grams
28 DECEMBER 1903
‘C.O.D.
Collection
Postcard’ sent to
a business in
Kips, Bavaria. 15 Pfennig...
5 Pig: Postcard- rate +
10 Pig. COD Fee
On of two known C.Q. D. usages having a ‘flag’
postmark.
BICKERDIKE 1902 - 1908
BERLIN SW *19* ... Machine ‘5’
Postmark Type Ii
31 DECEMBER 1904 Karte _korespondencyjna - Korespe ipbeuad
Post aad Brefkort — Brevkor. 1 +7
Orxpprroe-mmcbMo -—— Jlommena apie
‘New Year's’
Greeting Card,
sent locally.
23 DECEMBER 1905
‘New Year's
Greeting’s Card, sent locally.
2 Pfennig..
Local-city postcard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908 LEIPZIG *13a ... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type Il
in addition to insertion of the new dater-dial & new design flag
obliterator to the Leipzig ‘Bickerdike’ Machine
applying postmarks to out-going mail, the
‘LEIPZIG 13’ DATER-DIAL NOW INDICATED A SMALL ‘a’ INSTEAD OF A LARGE ‘A’
as had been in the early 1901-02 dater-dial. Postmark: 24mm double-circle dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical
grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 25S$eptember1902- 22 December 1908
EARLIEST KNOWN USE
25 SEPTEMBER 1902
View-card, sent to
Warzburg, Bavaria.
5 Pfennig .. Domestic
postcard-rate
P a u l F i n k ,
C o m m a n d .
Ge s. ,
Le ip
al g,
C a e r m a k s g a r t e n
5.
~ we gilts 7 Fe ll a
Weohnunag et Bete Be er cans Gn coc Bin ow See Sees nes ose Strabe und Dausnununer) 4
OFFICIAL POLICE MAIL
30 SEPTEMBER 1902
Official reply from the Leipzig Police
Departmen, sent to the City Government of
Paunsdorf (Leipzig).
Cachet Handstamp:
“Porlopflichtige Dienstsache”"
T- a. (Official mail requiring
7 postage) ae, Wobnung -. eee pesca: aeneee Aah = ig.. in Sesto He enol : err Hew Gesidaaimiser 2 Pfennig...
©, 154: inner-city i Deke fl Yh: iene :
LOOT | 3 C08) postcard rate. t LU ATs i ch
ae uF ahs iC <
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908 LEIPZIG *13a ... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type I!
POSTAGE DUE MAIL
22 NOVEMBER 1902 POSTKARTE. ©: WELTPOSTVEREIN. ©
View-card, postage not CARTE-POSTALE. affixed, resulting in UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE.
postage due & penalty charge upon arrival at
Wittenberg (Halle).
Postage Due: 10 Pfennig ..
5 Pig. Domestic posicard-rate +
5 Pig. Penalty
Only known domestic postage due use
having a ‘Bickerdike’ Flag Postmark.
Ve rl
ag
u. ph
ot ,
A u f n a h m e
v.
G.
Fr ie
dr ic
h,
Le ip
zi y
4
J eee ; # r 4 ar A ties 4 Age
sg ok Ae por bee Pa a) at hanrg 5 C38 Pert
eect: oe AON Sam
ile a ne he a — = ———s SSS =F ee —= i
‘RECEIPT-NOTICE POSTAL FORM’ FOR A POSTAL
MONEY TRANSFER
(Gmpjangsbeftatigung ber eine Poft-BWn cen A ; : __ Postal form sent by the
_ ‘Leipziger Credit Bank” notifying the recipient of receipt of his postal
money transfer.
2 Pfennig... ee F inner-city soi posicard rate.
= Shes ep iee ay One of two known nb ea = ee é os EE E ‘Receipt-Notice Postal
[oy age Forms’ having a ‘Bickerdike’
Wobnung _... ff be ee (Grrage wah’ Beaknanvast) Bi Alor deat are dg stare per eRe he pee a tee were = i fiei a cace Yona «algae aie ee paew ied ae Posie wie Flag Postmark.
—— a aa eee SSS SS a = = ee =
BICKERDIKE
LEIPZIG *13a ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type Il
LOCAL ELECTION- RELATED PRINTED- MATTER:
13 NOVEMBER 1902
Cover, election
related mail
enclosure,
sent locally
2 Pfennig..
1902 -1908
INNER-CITY PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
LOCAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING
27 JULY 1905
Cover, with printed-matter enclosure, sent
locally.
inner-city printed-matier rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908 DOMESTIC POSTCARD-RATE ..
LEIPZIG *13a ... Machine ‘7’ USAGES 1902, 1903, 1904 Postmark Type Il
POSTKARTE. °° *% WELTPOSTVEREIN,
POSTAL CARTE-POSTALE, STATIONERY oe POSTALE UNIVERSELLE,
COMMERCIAL ¥
13 NOVEMBER 1902
Ve rl ag ¥. -@ -F ri ed ri ch ,
Le ip zi g
4 is
a e
S eS
o So
a =
= UPRATED
‘INNER-CITY’
POSTAL
STATIONERY
2 APRIL 1903
FRANKED CORRESPONDENCE
7 OCTOBER 1904
ee NN as eo ieee kM ees © \ (Steape amb Goxsnummer)
bias
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate valid for Germany or Austro-Hungary.
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908 LEIPZIG *13a ... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type Il
‘VERTICAL’ POSTMARK APPLICATION TO OUT-GOING DOMESTIC & FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
Richar d Gunther
OUT-GOING Wild- und Berigelh ian Spee ck
DOMESTIC f L.-Stétteritz Sch & ey NV ae ulstr, 15. adil seats Mark hall He
COMMERCIAL Telephon 2116. Bi Ren eae See e MAIL Othman em tae Ss
11 MAY 1905 Postkarte
Postcard, ma business CV
correspondence, mail sent to the
Town of Taucha.
eee: AG: SE OEE RB CBO Roe BE OE ECE OO oe. SEE CO ee eee oe
Covr eopo neens-daz te.
Dopisnica.
INBOUND FOREIGN MAIL WITH REPLY
CARD RESPONSE
o p e n
Un ie
ie Gi
s c p < a c D
™ Ae
pe ci
sk i c h o o w i e t o c
oh be
ci ea
, Chen o b o ci
e i o e
a d | se 8 JULY 1904
cs eee ae LARD Bio Bn-iBo- UG eh cio che coool Rothe cioo-e frag bes) eo i @ 2 Austrian & ; & Stationery e ro & Core © bhai a Hat te. 6 | Reply Card Set..
® Dopisnica. e | 4 eee, In-Bound:
a (ANTWORT — ODGOVoR.) ) i | Bostrieniced : | Sg eA pee | “Military Post
4 eae Office Sarajevo,
é PRD, ' Bosnia- 3 Sk Ae CONE apa apo Herzegovina : OMA wy Yary, Wan RAVAAN CaP PRA PO Austria, | : 6 July 1904” 7 sent to Leipzig.
° . Out-Bound: : “Leipzig, . Pe See Me ee Ry ee 8 July 1904”
@ reply to D> BoB Dep Bor clo-cp -oiGo-cia- in Budapest,
Hungary.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate valid for German or Austro-Hungarian Mail.
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908 LEIPZIG *I3a_... Machine ‘7’ FOREIGN-BOUND
Postmark Type II UPU POSTCARD-RATED MAIL
PRINTED-MATTER
TO ITALY
16 OCTOBER 1902
Viewcard, endorsed
“Drucksache”
sent to
Palermo (Sicily), ltaly.
Arrival Postmark:
“Palermo, 20 October 1902..”
5 Pfennig..
UPU International Printed-Matier Rate
for mail up to
50 grams, or postcards with less
than 10 words of text.
ath wes
COMMERCIAL MAIL TO RUSSIA Pofttaryes=
Cee, eal poe ee "29047 84 2 SEPTEMBER 1904
UPU Postal Stationery Card,
business
communication mail, sent to a book
dealer in the City of Dorpat, Russia.
Arrival Postmark:
“23 September 1904..”
10 Piennig..
UPU international Postcard-Rate.
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908
LEIPZIG *13a ... Machine ‘7’ FOREIGN-BOUND Postmark Type II POSTAL STATIONERY USAGES..
1902, 1904, 1905
MAIL TO BELGIUM
14 NOVEMBER 1902
| Yu r
fii r
dfe Y
ove ffe
UP-RATED DOMESTIC POSTAL
STATIONERY TO BRAZIL
24 SEPTEMBER 1904
CS ee aaa coe i tnd
ry Ph iva x
Ee e e e e
MAILTO FINLAND
(RUSSIA)
27 JULY 1905
10 Pfennig.. UPU international Postcard-Rate.
BICKERDIKE 1902 -1908 LEIPZIG *13b ... Machine ‘8’
Postmark Type Il ..Service or Arrival Postmark.. ’13b
The DESIGN CHANGE IN DATER-DAIL ‘Bickerdike’ Machine No. 1 (applying postmarks to out-going mail), also took place with Machine No. 2 (applying postmarks to in-bound aniving mail) at Leipzig, albeit the dater-dial with latter NOW INDICATED “13 b”
versus “13 B” during the period 1901-1902. Postmark: 24mm double-circle dial with ‘bridge’ and
vertical grill with NO OBLITERATOR attached.
Usage: 24 October1902- 29 October 1908
INNER-CITY POSTCARD MAIL ILLUSTRATING ‘BICKERDIKE’ ORIGIN & ARRIVAL POSTMARKS
‘FLAG’ ORIGIN POSTMARK (Machine ‘1') ARRIVAL POSTMARK (Machine ‘2’)
30 OCTOBER 1902
Postal Stationery Card
Early Usage Date.
ft H ra 7) :
LF obnng 2. ke A MSR Fe Uy Hite! GPixahe und GSousnummer)
12 JANUARY 1903
View-Card
i) Ve / . 2 Pfennig... TIN? inner-city
postcard-rate. 7921.03. 940¥.] SCE
BICKERDIKE 1903, 1904, 1910
LEIPZIG *13C ... Machine ‘8’ Three-Day Known Usage Postmark Type II!
For anticipated NEW YEAR’S EVE MAIL VOLUME,
‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINE No. 2 WAS CONVERTED by the Leipzig main post office
from applying arrival postmarks to in-coming mail TO APPLYING ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL,
utilizing a reserve dater-dial and flag obiiterator.
Postmark: 26mm double-circle dial (LEIPZIG *13C) with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 31 December 1903 & 31 December 1904, 27 February 1910
31 DECEMBER 1904
Cover, enclosing a
printed
‘New Year's
Greeting’.
2 Piennig .. inner-city
prinfed-matter for
mail up to
50 grams.
One of three
recorded covers Poftkarte |
An 31 DECEMBER 1904
ee ‘New Year's Greeting’ Card.
2 Piennig... inner-city
postcard rate.
One often
recorded
postcard examples.
Wohnung ....... (Strabe und Bausnunmer)
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1915
FIELD TRIALS & USAGE
commencing in September, 1902:
The first two ‘Bickerdike’ Postmarking Machines obtained in 1898 and the subsequent six obiained in 1901 were imported from the
Canadian Postal Supply Company of Montreal, Canada. In 1902, the ‘Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken’ of Berlin & Karlsruhe
obtained a license from the former to manufacture the machines in Germany for sales on the European Continent.
In August, 1902, the Reichspost placed a purchase order with the GERMAN MANUFACTURING LICENSEE FOR SIXTEEN MACHINES,
ALL OF WHICH APPLIED ‘FLAG’ POSTMARKS, were allocated by the Reichspost to the following post offices
—
.
POST OFFICE LOCATION
Braunschweig *lo Bremen *1*
...Bremerhaven *g* Breslau *1*
....Waldenburg *(Schlesien)* Chemnitz *1*
Coin *(Rhein)1* ....COoln *la
Coin *(Rhein)1*
Diisseldorf *6u ....Dasseldorf *1lu ....Dasseldort *1t Erfurt *1s Frankfurt *(Main)la ....-Frankfurt (Main) 3s
Frankfurt *(Main)1b
Hallie *(Saale)2h Hamburg *1x ...Altona (Elbe) 1h Karlsruhe *(Baden)1* Libeck "Ig Mannheim *1* Strassburg “*(Els)1s
APPROXIMATE START-UP DATE
March 1903
February 1903
May 1903
July 1903
February 1903 (Out-Going Mail}
June 1903
(In-Coming Mail)
February 1903
{In-Coming Mail)
July 1903
March 1903
February 1912 (Out-Going Mail)
August 1703 (In-Coming Mail)
June 1903
November 1903
September 1902 duly 1903 July 1903 August 1903
Example:
Field-Trial Postmark Dater Dial & ‘Flag’ Obliterator
BICKERDIKE BRAUNSCHWEIG “lo
Satisfied with the test results of the initial (eighh ‘Bickerdikes’, IN 1902-1903,
THE REICHSPOST PURCHASED ADDITIONAL MACHINES,
which now would be manufactured under
license in Germany by the
‘Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken’
FOR OPERATION AT FOURTEEN DIFFERENT GERMAN POST OFFICES.
Postmark: 27mm double-circle dater-dial with
Usage:
CIVILIAN MAIL
18 SEPTEMBER 1903
Cover,
sent to the ‘Magistrate
of the City of
Konigslutter’.
20 Pfennig (4x 5 Pfg)...
Double-weighi
domestic
lefter-rate (26-250 grams)
‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a
‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
1 March 1903 - 10 February 1905
1903 - 1905
GOVERNMENT-RELATED MAIL
%
rt eC , 2 aa, rel "asigstig
“Siheacia ad
os Hannenge Bertin Siestearg
~ Frei l& Avers. oe
| Hirzgl. Krankenhaus,
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL DUCAL HOSPITAL MAIL
14 OCTOBER 1903
Ducal Hospital’ sent to a factory hospitalization
aie
“Dottie bo 10036. Ue.
(Gteafie und Gaukaumier) 7 SU ffir > ne
payment office at _ Vorwohle.
Official notification from the ‘Braunschweig
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 BRAUNSCHWEIG “lo
COMMERCIAL MAIL
3 NOVEMBER 1903
Cover,
sent to a ‘consumer
association’
at
Ersdorf.
10 Pfennig... (perfin}
Single-weight (20 grams)
domestic
letier-rate
frei!
22 SEPTEMBER 1903
Business postcard, sent to Plaven,
(Province Saxony).
ee tae A ae Sirma... Ce CE Le Ce
5 Pfennig... Domestic
Af fo postcard-rate
Pf ei ff er
& Sc hm id t,
Br au ns ch we ig .
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 BRAUNSCHWEIG “lo ADVERTISING MAIL
29 AUGUST 1903
Postcard .. commercial
advertising on reverse
11 JULY 1903
Cover.. with printed advertising enclosure.
3 Pfennig.. Printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905
BRAUNSCHWEIG “To... FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
LETTER-MAIL TO ENGLAND
2 JULY 1903
Cover,
seni to London,
England.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“London N.W. 16,
July 4, 1903”
20 Pfennig.. UPU International Single -Weight Letier-Rate.
POSTCARD-MAIL TO GERMAN SOUTHWEST
AFRICA
17 JANUARY 1905
View-card, sentto a lieutenant serving with the German military in
' German Southwest Africa _ engaged in fighting the
revolt of the | Herero Tribe between
20 January 1904 - 31 December 1907.
a
Re in
ic ke
&
Ru bi n, M a g d e b u r g
19 04
. =}
| Arrival Postmark: cue . “Ludertizbucht Yo Ww i, eh! Wei tec Ff | 16 February 1906”
| 10 Pfennig ... UPU International Postcard-Rate.
Exp Jaeschke BPP
BREMEN
1903: The Cotton Exchange Building
> Fetie GROSSE WESE pa pdtitay a Faeroe
Berace.
cage i a,
aes fa Wb rf foioke ee tae CG 2 1903: Bridge Across the Weser River
oe
BICKERDIKE BREMEN *1*
Postmark Type |
Over the period 1903-09, TWO POSTMARK DIES WERE USED.
* 24mm Dater Dial,
* Broad wide crown,
* ‘Dots’ in tassel band, * Center ribbon in postal horn.
‘TYPE I’ HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
Postmark: 24mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a flag obliterator with crown, banner & postal horn.
Usage: 26 February 1903-11 May 1906
1903 - 1906
or
Poatkarte — Carle pospa Weltpestverein —- Union posiaie un
Leveiezi-Lap —- Cartolina poslale
a) GEOEMBES: bse Correspondenzkarte —— Kerta koresjo if
Koraspondencni listek — Brictkas rte abe WD...
Viewcard, Ss Rretkort — Brev-Kort — Oreppgueguucua
sent to ARISCRG MEDEA UN Uy Les TVA
Konigs- = : eyed x f ie * o a
(Berlin). BS ge ut ie eat ee eee
a C 5 Pfennig.. epee eg een Domestic
positcard-rate
ferie 63 — 3052
_Post-Karte MAILTO NORDERNEY ISLAND
Levelezé- -Lap ie me
3 APRIL 1904
Embossed Easter
Greetings Card, sent to a recipient at a
convalescent home.
Arrival Postmark: “Nordermey,
3 April 1904”
& Pfennig.. (2x 3 Pfg.)
Domestic posicard-rate plus One Pig
convenience franking.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 BREMEN “1*
Postmark Type | DOMESTIC & FOREIGN-BOUND | | LETTER-MAIL
MAIL TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
20 JANUARY 1905
Commercial bank cover,
sent to
New York City.
12-day transit time.
_ Arrival
Postmark: (Reverse)
“New York,
February 1, 1905 ..”
(International Machine Postmark)
20 Ptennig.. UPU
international Single-Weight Letter-Rate
Ss
DOMESTIC _ GERMANY MAIL
26 OCTOBER 1903
Cover, sent to the Town of Moorsee/
Abbehausen (Cidenburg).
Arival
Postmark: “Abbehausen,
27 October 1903”
10 Pfennig...
Domestic single-weight
letter-rate
BICKERDIKE 1903 — 1906 BREMEN 7 — ' OFFICIAL FREE-FRANK MAIL
osima ype
anti,
<r a, E Miaetetie ech Sth t ; ao. Mth Eh eo
u Fe Siesta ee ae te ve hh ORS ER oe
aes ke eR EI “%
ee kak Aa awe NO eS sure fn : + ye ie ee Aid ‘fh i
Pi fos 3 : hs,
ic Honacm AtMeEnDUeS S47 iStadtbrem. Armenphves)
nek
FREE-FRANK FOLDED-LETTERS SENT FROM THE BREMEN SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICE
12 NOVEMBER 1903 1 AUGUST 1904
30 JANUARY 1904
Sent to various
northern Germany city government offices.
BICKERDIKE BREMEN *1*
Postmark Type |
DOMESTIC MAIL
1903 -— 1906
DOMESTIC & FOREIGN DESTINATION
POSTAGE DUE MAIL
30 JUNE 1903
Reply to an advertisement, held
two weeks, subsequently
returned to sender with cachet handstamp
{in red) “Porto”
with postage due ..
5 Pfg. postage + 5 Pfg. penalty.
Arrival Postmark (Original Destination):
“Lineburg,
1 July 1903,
12-1 PM”
Arrival Postmark (Returned Mail):
“Bremen *1*, 18 July 1903, 11-12 PM”
&
POSTKARTE. WELTPOSTVEREIN. CAKTE-POSTALE,
roa Ts : UNIYPRSELLE.
SSE
v -
a he Sho f BE Ne “ CYA
MAIL TO FRANCE
23 DECEMBER 1903
View-card, sent to the Town of Challans, printed-matter
(less than ten words of text = 5 Pig. postage).
Upon arrival NOT accepted by the French Post Office
as such, but, rather, as a comrespondence
posicard (10 Pfennig postage)
requiring 10 Centimes postage due from the
recipient for the shortfail.
Arrival Postmark: “Challans (Vendee), 25 December 1903,
5 AM”
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 BREMEN *1* FOREIGN-BOUND POSTCARD MAIL
Postmark Type |
WELTPOSTVEREIN, / ok
MAILTO SPAIN | CARTE YOSTALE ¢ UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE va
A fy Pe os
29 JUNE 1903
UPU-endorsed
view-card,
sent to City of Madrid, Spain.
10 Pfennig... UPU International
Postcard-Rate
Su, trent =
ee
: MAILTO fos AUSTRO- HUNGARY
oR 25 MARCH 1906
| : UPU-endorsed Es Viewcard, sent to
= 2 the City of Prag, » a ae part of
z 3/8 Austro-Hungary.
eg, Domestic German e g postcard-rate was = valid for mail to
s Austro-Hungary.
2413
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 BREMEN *1* INTERNATIONAL UPU POSTAL CARD
Postmark Type | COMMERCIAL MAIL
= D ‘4 0 {t ar cee
MAILTO COLUMBIA ane AP OF f arte I aattitnes aie
via ae Va. "watpotoern |
NEW YORK & ts : ‘arte pros stale < 10 Ott 03, on
BARRANQUILA ¥ £0 Unign\p postale universelle Sua" "7 En Ey
16 NOVEMBER 1903 , “Wp : ne
Business a Se 4 = correspondence, ee
sent to Carlagena, Columbia.
23-day transit time.
Arrival Postmark:
“_..Cartagena, 3
December 1903..”
MAIL TO BRAZIL Via
LISBON, PORTUGAL
24 DECEMBER 1903
Correspondence,
sent to Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
Arrival Postmark:
“Rio de Janeiro,
17 January 1904
10 Pfennig... UPU international Postcard-Rate
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 BREMEN *1* DEFECTIVE POSTMARK DIE
Postmark Type |
Poftfarte
MISSING DATE-DIAL IN POSTMARK DIE
“26 MAY 1904"
Commercial correspondence card,
sent to a business in the
Town of Heiligenfelde.
Arrival Postmark:
“Heiligenfelde,
27 May 1904..” |
5 Pfennig..
Domestic positcard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1907 - 1909 BREMEN *1 . sry i ADVERTISING PRINTED-MATTER POSTCARD
ostmark Type
‘Bremen Postmark Obliterator Type I’ required to be replaced after three+ years of continuous usage,
being replaced by ‘TYPE I’ DIE
HAVING THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: * 25mm Dater Dial,
* Contoured narrow crown design, * ‘Dots’ now missing in tassel banner, * Postal horn now has no center ribbon.
Postmark: 25 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown,
banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 9 April 1907 - 3 August 1909
19 MAY 1908 Von bestechendem Waoulgeschmack %0% sos
Advertising printed-matter for ‘cigars’, oe
sent from webster ame feiner St. Petix-Nraxtt-Fintage var —Diecher . Gin feines, eides Arpume Iesitet mae! dendk tokelasen Beare! mecariabaes,
“Max Greiner & Co.", Bremen, Eine Seltentit tans mon soz, er ant sa einers Corona nar etme Kiste zn 100 Shick
to a recipient at Rudolfstadt. ion Poalpatet con 500 Sich her n= NE IE.5D facie ere a its: — oer ane
Pte gir sind Sherer act ir wir agai ind au ats, Foam enn ictere aging me eine sy ton: 3 nnig... Baer oe es dem aneern: Rauwchi Greiners Ceronal
Printed-matter rate for mail up SAU, Wich ts icc Plewtiadgeemre ret! te MAX GREINER & Co., Ggurrcafuteis to 50 grams. Riemer: Pitieie der Diishie Bink Se ea
ie BEOINESRSEM: Tied 3 Monte wer 2 ee Ss = ae %s
Ss ae ee ja Dedeteny tient binmte’ Cigaaew nae Se = en
Reverse
BICKERDIKE 1907 - 1909 BREMEN ee PRINTED MATTER MAIL
ostmark Type
DOMESTIC MAIL
31 OCTOBER 1907
Cover,
printed-matter enclosure
3 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matter rate up to 50 grams.
INTERNATIONAL MAIL
9 APRIL 1907
Cover, printed-matter enclosure sent to Sweden.
5 Pfennig... UPU International printed-matier up to 50 grams.
Earliest known postmark usage.
BICKERDIKE a1 BREMERHAVEN *g*
In early 1910, the
‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINE HERETOFORE OPERATIONAL AT BREMEN WAS
TRANSFERRED TO THE BREMERHAVEN POST OFFICE
for continued service.
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater-dial with
‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a contoured
crown, banner with tassels and posta
hom.
Usage: 13 June 1910-29 August 1913
DESTINATION.. EGYPT
13 JUNE 1910
Cover, sent to a naval
officer on-board German
Cargo Vessel “ Kleist”, via shipping-broker agent,
at Suez, Egypt.
Transit & Arrival Postmarks: (Reverse)
“Alexandria,
19 June 1910” “Suez,
26 June 1910”
20 Pfennig... UPU International
Single-Weight Letter-Rate Earliest Known Use
DESTINATION... UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
11 JULY 1910
Cover, sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
10 Pfennig ...
Concession “Direct Rate” ..
valid between 1909-1914 (50% of UPU Rate)
for single-weight letter-mail
between
Germany-U.5S.A.
BICKERDIKE 1910 - 1913 BREMERHAVEN “g*
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a contoured crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 13 June 1910-29 August 1713
ADVERTISING MAIL
4 MARCH 1911
Commercial fold-out advertising card, (fish wholesaler)
sent to Salzhausen.
3 Pfennig... Domestic
printed matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 BRESLAU *1*
Breslau’s Bickerdike Machine functioned satisfactorily in its early operation,
WITH APPARENT LOCAL MAINTENANCE LACKING
OVER TIME
as evidenced by blurred postmarks, under-inking, etc.
Posfmark: 25 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 5 May 1903-15 July 1906
29 JUNE 1903
“Gruss-aus
viewcard
(Breslau Zoo)
sent to
Jena.
5 Pfennig... Domestic
postcard-rate
ws SF a ak a a re a a a nuh te Si ieee a
15 JULY 1906
Cover clip, printed-mater rate, (illustrating a very worn postmark die & machine maintenance deficiency).
Latest Known Usage.
BICKERDIKE 1909 - 1911 WALDENBURG *(Schlesien)*
In early 1909, ‘BRESLAU’S ‘BICKERDIKE’ WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE ‘WALDENBURG’ POST OFFICE
for continued service. OF FIVE KNOWN POSTMARKS, ALL HAVE INCOMPLETE
OBLITERATOR STRIKES .. illustrating defective machine operation & maintenance
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater- dial with
‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 15 May 1707-9 May 1711
POSTCARD MAIL
20 MAY 1909
Viewcard,
sentto
Reichenbach, (Province Silesia). 5 Pfennig..
Domestic
posicard-rate.
PRINTED MATTER TO SWITZERLAND WITH RETURN TO SENDER
9 NOVEMBER 1911
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, shori-
to sender with Swiss postage due invalidated.
3 Pfennig... UPU infernalionai
Printed-Matter Rate = 5 Pfennig...
Postage Due = § Centimes =
2 Pig + 2 Pig. pencily.
Latest Known Usage Date.
Two of Five Known Examples of This Postmark Sieh pacha: tates
- BICKERDIKE ence
CHEMNITZ *1* Postmark Type | yp I
Two postmark dies were utilized at ‘Chemnitz’ with Lear e& —~e 4 ‘TYPE!’ DIE, ting tir
supplied initially with the machine, Hansense Soria mere C
HAVING THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: See i ve * Dater Dial Diameter 26mm; i Sia , — * Wide crown design; oe ee * Small and narrow tassels.
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with
‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown,
banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 4 July 1903-27 March 1906
EARLY USE
6 JULY 1903
Cover, sent to the Baltic Coast Town of Zinnowitz.
Postage improperly
placed at left cover side
with
hand-canceling.
Arrival Postmark: (reverse)
“Tinnowitz,
7 July 1903.”
OFFICIAL MAIL
REQUIRING POSTAGE
10 FEBRUARY
1904
Folded
letter
& turn cover
sent to the
‘Imperial
Court’ .. at Oschatz,
(Saxony).
10 Pfennig..
Domestic single-weight letter-rate.
- BICKERDIKE +03 - 1908 CHEMNITZ *1*
Postmark Type |
DOMESTIC POSTAL STATIONERY
LETTER-CARD
7 SEPTEMBER 1905
Postal stationery letter-card,
sent to
Charlottenburg (Berlin).
10 Pfennig..
Domestic letter-rate (flat-rate for postal
stationery letter-cards). POSTAL
NOTIFICATION CARD/RECEIPT FOR A POSTAL
MONEY TRANSFER
13 NOVEMBER 1905
‘Prepaid’
(Bavarian)
form-card
returned to
sender at
Ellingen, Bavaria, acknowledging
receipt of a money transfer received by a
bank in Chemnitz.
5 Pfennig... Domestic
posicard-rate.
One of Two
Known Notification Cards
with Flag Postmarks.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906
1906
1905
1904
CHEMNITZ *1*
Postmark Type |
DOMESTIC POSTCARD USAGE 1904, 1905, 1906
OSTKART easel
Sit 05.2 Cif Yyemee: 7 sencanagl
= Carte Postale ! Postkarte — Post cayd.
Cartolina Postale — Levelezé
| Brefkort — Briefkaart — Brew
Qy es uv is un gj e
“0 p
2 j a M O
BN AV
“A AO
NI pI
Ol ME
qu ey
OTKPbITOE IHchMO Tarjeta postal — Dopisnice — Carto poat®
Union postale universelle
1
ak uu
es ea
Yo
pm as
sp
|
Garte Postale - =a Poctewid « =o _ Weltpostverein — Union postale
tail
5 Pfennig..
Domestic Postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 CHEMNITZ *1*
Postmark Type !
WRAPPER WITH ENCLOSED PRINTED-MATTER
SENT TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
25 NOVEMBER 1903
Printed-matter enclosed wrapper sent to Saltsburg,
Pennsylvania.
5 Pfennig... UPU International
Printed-Matter Rate for mail
up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE CHEMNITZ *1*
1907 -
Postmark Type II
‘Chemnitz’ Obliterator ‘Type I was replaced after three years of continuous use with a new ..
‘TYPE Il’ DIE HAVING THE FOLLOWING PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS:
* Dater dial diameter remained 26mm * Obliterator with narrow crown with a thin cross & Tassel banner with large tassels.
Postmark: 24 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 14 January 1907-31 December 1912
1912
EARLIEST KNOWN USAGE
14 JANUARY 1907
Decorative advertising postcard (children's newspaper),
sentto a pupil in Chemnitz.
3 Pfennig... Printed-matier rate
for mail up to
50 grams.
an ba
me | ae
aad
cme grt = oe
Me Apa —ptean eee te
LATEST KNOWN
USAGE
31 DECEMBER 1912
Embossed
‘New Year's
Greetings’ Card’.
§ Pfennig... Domestic
postcard rate.
BICKERDIKE CHEMNITZ *1*
Postmark Type I!
1907-1912
COMMERCIAL MAIL
POSTMARK ~—sA,-—s&D OEHNER DOUBLE-STRIKE — Whites
18 MAY 1907
Cover, sent to
Copenhagen, Denmark,
with double postmarking.
20 Pfennig...
UPU International Single-Weight
(20 grams) Letter-Rate.
ORE! an SPs UC CUGESE LS
e5or2in} \\ae ee Pes Sih
PRINTED MATTER & COLLECTION
29 APRIL 1911
Money Collection Card, sent to Dresden
(Saxony),
for collection of
RM 10.20.
13 Pfennig..
3 Pig. Printed- Matter Rate +
10 Pfg. Collection Fee
One of two known collection
card usages having a ‘Flag’
postmark & only one Known at printed-matter
mail rate.
BICKERDIKE Sool CHEMNITZ o — i DOMESTIC PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
ostmark Type
COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING MAIL
17 SEPTEMBER 1908 |
Commercial cover,|) printed-matter |
enclosure,
sent to Woyens, (Schleswig-Holstein).
INNER-CITY MAIL
31 DECEMBER 1911
Cover,
printed-matter
enclosure,
inner-city mail.
3 Pfennig...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE CHEMNITZ *1*
Postmark Type Il
1907 - 1912
LARGEST KNOWN DOMESTIC COMMERCIAL MAIL ON COVER
tiberreicht von aoe
Primiiert Leipzig
Langestrasse 47-51 ‘ CHEMNITZ -
EZ teieae &)
‘coun FRANZ RUTTLOFF mies
=
zig 1905 u, 1907
Langestrasse 47-51
1] =! Heweiit oS js
8 OCTOBER 1907
Flag postmark on largest known
commercia | cover...
170 x 250
mm.
§ Pfennig.. Domestic
printed- matter rate for mail 50-
100 grams.
Ud IO
ga s|
Y ON "
Z i n e
+t Ss
%, pi ss
ti e
bl e
a c r e — 2
nm i
ee e:
m e e
t co
w i s
a
\ a S
O e
Pin t
O S
L U G L
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1912 CHEMNITZ *1* | FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark Types | & ii
MAIL TO NORWAY
21 MAY 1904
View-card, sent to
Bergen, Norway. 5-day transit-time.
Arrival Postmark:
“Bergen *1*,
25 May 1904”
10 Pfennig... UPU International Postcard-Rate b
MAILTO DENMARK
14 MARCH 1907
Commercial .
cover, sent to
Copenhagen,
Denmark.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Kopenhagen Ke
15 March 1907" (Krag Machine Postmark)
20 Pfennig... UPU
international Single-Weighi Letter-Rate
BICKERDIKE 1903 COLN *(Rhein)1*
Machine ‘1’ Postmark Type ‘1'
Paintin eel Ry
Two ‘Bickerdike’ Machines were operational at the : stn \ —_— Cologne (Céin) Post Office. Fe Al Nese
MACHINE ‘1’ APPLIED A ‘FLAG’ Piste wena MT, Poe POSTMARK TO OUT-GOING MAIL FOR FOUR MONTHS, FN cine Weinert Sema. So
thereafter applying Qo — arrival or service postmarks fo in-coming mail. J : testes,
: pHettgadt
teers ite Postmark: 26mm double-circle dater-dial (indicating Mine hea
grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterater’having a crown, banner with tassels a
Usage: 12 February — 5 June 1903
15 FEBRUARY 1903 Carte posiale- — Union postales! unive 3@.
Post card. \ of 085 8 5 |
i re ‘yf
Viewcard, sent to Recklinghausen, (Westphalia).
5 Pfennig.. a oa pe ne ; _ Domestic SEE aoe eres aR ne <ce SS E :
postcard -rate J) agg
26 FEBRUARY 1903
Commercial cover.
sent from “Auskunfiei W.
Schimmeipfennig* (renowned commercial information company
9 ‘Schimmelpfennig’))
aig to a bank in e Hildesheim.
10 Pfennig... = estic single- we eight letter- rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 COLN *(RHEIN) 1*
Machine ‘1' Postmark Type ‘2’
After applying a ‘flag’ postmark to out-going mail for only four months,
COLOGNE MACHINE ‘1’ CONTINUED TO FUNCTION FOR FOUR ADDITIONAL YEARS APPLYING ‘ARRIVAL’ OR SERVICE
POSTMARKS TO IN-COMING MAIL.
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial, indicating “C6in *(Rhein)1*", with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill.
Usage: 25 August 1903-10 July 1906
20 OCTOBER 1703
in-bound commercial cover from Vienna, Austria, to Cologne. Upon arrival, an ‘arrival’ or service
postmark was applied on the cover reverse.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 COLN *la
Machine ‘2’ Postmark Type la
Machine ‘2’ became operational at Cologne (Cdin) Post Office in 1903 applying ‘flag’ postmarks
only to out-going mail. Two postmark obliterator dies were applicable ..
‘TYPE I’ DIE HAS THE FOLLOWING PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS:
* Dater Dial 24mm;
* Wide crown with a thick cross; * Narrow mouthpiece on postal horn.
Postmark: 24mm double-circle dater-dial (indicating “Cdln *1a”) with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 17 July 1903 - 1 June 1906
DOMESTIC MAIL
3 AUGUST 1903
Viewcard,
sent to
Konigshof (Harz Mountains).
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate
MAILTO AUSTRIA
1 JUNE 1906
“Gruss Aus” Card, Cede A. a sent to Vienna,
a a ce Austria
: Domestic
postcard-rate valid for mail to Austria.
e iy 2 2a ee, : Latest known fi f pee — ¥ eal usage date.
BICKERDIKE COLN “la
Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type la
Postmark: 24mm double-circle dater-dial (indicating “Céin *1a”) with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 17 July 1903-1 June 1906
1903 - 1906
i a
we 2 \ «oe Che hs a , MO Fetcl OPEC TTS
oft, k ate ‘ie Peer ey :
AL eee ake
FOREIGN BOUND MAIL
15 AUGUST1903 fe
Viewcard, L
sent to Edinburgh, Scotland.
10 Piennig.. UPU International
Posicard-Rate
ESSER &
Fabrik
COMMERCIAL DOMESTIC
PRINTED-MATTER
20 AUGUST 1903
Commercial
business solicitation,
sent to Hanover.
3 Pfennig.. Domesiic
printed-matter
rate for mail
to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1908 - 1915 COLN “la
Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type Ib
The ‘Cologne Obliterator Type ‘la’ was replaced after
three years’ continuous use with TYPE ‘Ib’ DIE HAVING THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
* Dater Dial 24mm;
* Narrow crown with a thin cross; * Wide mouthpiece on postal horn.
Postmark: 24 mm double-circle dater-dial (indicating
“Cin *1a”) with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 8 August 1909-23 March 1915
ELECTION/POLLING STATION NOTIFICATION CARD
Ti. Ubtetlung. Cezmd |
602 3 Aan BAC a
Wahloureau Nr. 17,
Sihule Wolltide 7, Unterhaus.
i Wenn widht beftellbar, an i die ftidtijdhe Wahl-
abtetlung — Subeng, 2 —
28 OCTOBER 1913
Election/Polling Station Notification Card, sent from the mayor's office to a local resident.
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed-matter rate for mail to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1908 - 1915
COMMERCIAL MAIL COLN *la Machine ‘2’ Postmark Type Ib
12 AUGUST 1910
Cover, printed-matter
enclosure (for hunting
outfitting),
sent to
Ménchen- Gladbach, (Rhineland Province).
17 OCTOBER 1913
| i “Eilige
| on ot ee ‘H Drucksache”
Gr. Saal der Lese-Gesellschafi Koln py Rtigadh roted ater) (oes : ! | advertising-
Seale ie eens) ae i] double-card
Lustigen Abend 1 promoting | Neues Programm! : “Professor
_ Marcell Salzer’s” KARTEN ¢ a 3. 30, 1, 65, a 10 Toth sere Hoh shock | presentation in
. S Hat Cologne
: Fernspr. A. 504, sowie an der ecndkeae ay | 3 Beeiuicen me
i ‘Das pLuslige Salzer = Buch", Band | und Il, ebenda = und er Bucihan Ges so : |
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE COLN “la
Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type Ib
1914 - 1915
FREE-FRANK FIELDPOST MAIL .. WORLD WAR |
With the outbreak of World War | on 1 August, 1914, troop trains soon thereafter departed Germany for the Western Front crossing the
Prior to departing Germany, soldiers often sent view-cards home,
SUCH MAIL WAS ‘FREE FRANK’ AS LONG AS CARDS
Rhine River at Cologne.
as if they were on vacation!
WERE ENDORSED “FELDPOST”.
8 AUGUST 1914
Earliest Known
3 MARCH 1915
a t 4 4
ey:
One of four f° j 2 é known mide Lan ‘Mute’ ‘. .
Dater-Dial AN POET ‘Fieldpost’ ry, usage. / tex of
vf
hp
9
v , 5
a US EX >
CH MEL NAGS za
\e eee SS :
WAN
23 MARCH 1915
Latest known ‘Fieldpost’ usage & latest known
g .
7
af.
hu 7 2
LUA AY, Net
DOMESTIC MAIL
1 JANUARY 1909
Greeting Card, sentto Siegen.
postcard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1903, 1907 - 1910 DUSSELDORF *1u
A ‘Bickerdike’ delivered in February 1903 to Disseldorf was intended for use at
Post Office ‘6’ (‘old town’ post office)
with postmark evidence showing brief operation at Post Office ‘1’
(postal station adjacent to the main train station).
‘BICKERDIKE’ USE BETWEEN TWO DUSSELDORF POSTAL STATIONS.
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 29 February 1703... & 31 December 1706 - 1 January 19710
MEVELEZO-LAP Karta korespondoheyff the wes
New Year's
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
fo e
i fe
pe
n g
E { at
MAIL TO FRANCE
30 DECEMBER 1908
gs New Year's ¥ Greeting Card, \ sent to Paris, e France.
a3 MM 5 Pfennig...
je UPU International
for
printed-matter or
postcards with less
than ten words of text.
e e e
BICKERDIKE 1903 -— 1906 DUSSELDORF *6u
The ‘Bickerdike’ at Disseldorf was TRANSFERRED one or more times BETWEEN THE MAIN POST OFFICE (**1u”),
adjacent the railway station, AND THE ‘OLD-TOWN’ POST OFFICE (“*éu”),
near city hall and other government buildings.
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial indicating “Ddsseldorf *6u” with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 10 June 1903-30 December 1906
eb mcd = .
SO EUs se DOMESTIC [S22 OS s -
POSTCARD MAIL ee STK TE
10 6.03.121 NY L\ paces © = 4
6 3
10 JUNE 1903
‘
No .
“Gruss Aus”
Greeting Card, sent to
Wiedenbriick (Westphalia).
5 Pfennig..
Domestic posicard-rate Ve
rl ag
Fr ie dr .
W o l f r u m ,
D i s s e l d o r f .
Earliest Known Use.
we eee he The ater
- Dru Ksadic. | COMMERCIAL MAIL | amt TO THE NETHERLANDS
es yee ou Ee NSS a) oe) 2 MARCH 1904
be lavas printed-matter, sent to the
he Netherlands.
5 Pfennig... UPU International
Printed-Matter Rate
for mail to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 DUSSELDORF *6u DOMESTIC PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
SOCIAL-CLUB NOTIFICATION CARD An
29 JUNE 1903
Postcard,
sent to
Braunschweig » (Brunswick).
ian Braunschweig
(Lens ohring, a
DECORATIVE
FINE-ARTS SOCIETY COVER
30 NOVEMBER 1903
Cover,
printed-matter enclosure,
sent to a member
of the “Fine Arts Society
at Hanover’.
3 Pfennig...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1908 ERFURT *1s
A single ‘Bickerdike’ was operational at Erfurt USED ALTERNATELY TO APPLY ORIGIN
POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL AS WELL AS ‘ARRIVAL’ SERVICE
POSTMARKS TO IN-COMING MAIL
using the full dater-dial & flag obliterator postmark.
Postmark: 25 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown,
banner with tassels and postal hom
Usage: 21 July 1903-18 April 1908
OUT-BOUND/IN-BOUND SAME DAY MACHINE SERVICE
OUT-GOING MAIL
26 JULY 1903
View-card,
sent to
Stutigart,
(Province Wiirttemberg).
Note postmark time:
“26 JULY”
L7G.
of Goes
IN-COMING MAIL
25 JULY 1903
“Gruss aus Liegnitz” Card, —
sent to Erfurt.
Arrival Postmark:
“Erfurt *1s,
26 July 1903, 9-10 AM”
Note postmark
arrival time:
“26 JULY” compared fo
above example. 5 Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1908 ERFURT “1s COMMERCIAL MAIL
BUSINESS MAIL
25 SEPTEMBER 1903
Cover, sent to a wood products company at
Oberlochmihle, (Province Saxony).
Arrival Postmark (On reverse)
“Deutsch Catharinenberg, 26 September,
1903..”
10 Pfennig.. Single-weight
(20 grams) lomestic letter-rate
ADVERTISING POSTCARD
23 SEPTEMBER 1903
Plant nursery advertising mail,
sent fo
a farmer at
Wieckhorst, Schneverdingen
{Hanover}.
Arrival Postmark: “Schneverdingen,
24 September 1903”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1908 ERFURT *1s
INNER-CITY MAIL USAGE
POSTAL STATIONERY CARD USAGE AT REDUCED RATE
1 JANUARY 1906
Inner-city usage at reduced rate.
2 Pfennig.. Postal stationery
card for inner-city mail use.
INNER-CITY POSTCARD AT DOMESTIC RATE
18 APRIL 1908
‘Easter Greetings Card’,
sent within the city.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate.
Latest known
usage date.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1904 ERFURT “1s FULL ORIGIN OUT-GOING MAIL POSTMARK
APPLIED ON INCOMING MAIL (ARRIVAL SERVICE POSTMARK)
IN-COMING POSTCARD MAIL
23 JULY 1903
View-card, sent from
Rudolfstadt to Erfurt receiving upon arrival
a service postmark on the reverse side
of card. 5 Pfennig.. Domestic on
Rudol: fqat Auger mit Schloss. c cates Orin a "Cee tans eben: thoes 2 go Gog a ned = :
postcard-rate pe ath be pra hha oy, %: pos Aah. Px ee, Lo Ye soborateh, - ee ' 3 t ei eas “p," beck Ke io Fite. we ee ae ao ae a
1 Hanes a ee fae AE cp Op Lowe. -s weap fey Of Gi free a op Fa ee &
[= AG Big Caan, Bb Lio fay Z \ ae A9 we 7A “Bb Ls Cart bay got Lbotaniorn a Bef eb Tay! fe ie “4 pe LLG AAP ceri § ie ee ee =e Daehecs tee tees Fs shy —F ge foe ie el ar ao
— . — = * ta SSS ee SS en ae
INNER-CITY LETTER MAIL
27 MARCH 1904 inner-city mail cover, sent to a physician,
| receiving upon arrival a te a seh poke oe ee | service postmark on the
ier : » | reverse of cover.
if | : < ee 6 Pfennig..
if meres | (3x 2 Pf}
| ay 5 Pig... inner-city | eec\ letter-mail rate
of : een 1 Pig.. Convenience
| ; over- franking
Fe:
3 5
wn a
B e
Oe e e
i
i EY
,
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1909 FRANKFURT *(MAIN) 1a INNER-CITY MAIL
Machine ‘T’
Two ‘Bickerdikes’ became operational in 1903 at the City of Frankfurt (Main).
MACHINE ‘1’ (‘a’ = dater dial) APPLIED ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL
whereas Machine ‘2’ (‘b’ = dater dial) applied ‘arrival’ or service
postmarks to in-coming mail.
obere tte
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with Mime”
‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a
‘flag' obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 24 March 1903 - 28 December 1909
COMMERCIAL MAIL
30 MARCH 1903
Business postal stationery card mail, sent fo a local shoe
manufacturer.
Arrival Postmark:
“Frankfurt (M)
*Bornheim a,
31 March 1903..”
2 Pfennig ... inner-city
postcard rate. § SPopnane - (Ctreage ath Sogn)
Post-Karte Levelez6-Lap — Post cari — Brietkfar:
Carte postale Cartolina posiale Dopisnice
Weltpostverein Jnion postale universelle —Unione postale univers
OTKPEITOE TIMCBMO Varjeta postal.
RESIDENT CORRESPONDENCE
31 MARCH 1903
UPU Correspondence | Card, sent locally.
a 3 2 Pfennig.. thf et He inner-city
ee aoe aa 0 | -Beconhae g yg a Gh Bhs
g/ f ic hfe oily CLA ta getter wi a ay!
BICKERDIKE FRANKFURT *(MAIN) Ta
Machine ‘1
BUSINESS PRINTED-
MATTER MAIL
1 DECEMBER | 1904
Cover, | printed- matter
enclosure,
sent to
Grumbach.
3 Pfennig ... Domestic printed- matter mail fo
50 grams.
1903 — 1909
COMMERCIAL MAIL
BUSINESS POSTCARD MAIL
28 SEPTEMBER 1907
Postcard,
sent to Rodheim.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate.
LETTER MAIL
28 AUGUST 1903
Cover, sent to
locally.
5 Pfennig ...
inner-city letter-mail
rate
BICKERDIKE FRANKFURT *(MAIN) 1a
Machine ‘J
7
le
1903 — 1909
INNER-CITY MAIL
PRINTED MATTER MAIL
2 DECEMBER 1905
Cover,
printed-
matter enclosure,
sent locally.
2 Pfennig..
inner-city
{open cover}
printed-
matter rate to
50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 — 1909 POSTCARD MAIL FRANKFURT *(MAIN) 1a
Machine ‘1’
ae
9G "o
N E
ve l
en ui y- yo nd pa sy da yy — K
*e WN P AU EL y
‘y ue wa py 7
MAILTO ITALY
19 JUNE 1903
View-card, sent to
a priest in Ferrara, Italy.
5 Pfennig ... UPU International
Printed-Maitter Rate for mail with less than
ten written text words.
Som ge e e e e
“Fe
: one rt
EA DOMESTIC MAIL
2 JULY 1905
nach! ree 2
i PP ie eas A i ey Frankfurt Zoo “Gruss
fue LIC Ut *O sete... us” Card, sent to. f). oo lg Ue ies Baden-Baden.
Arrival Postmark:
“Baden-Baden *1g, 2 July 1905..”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
Lal postcard-rate LAs hao cp al MIA ie
SE ae oa
oan soe eee : ne
f (Pear) fae eh aft Be
‘i :
re su '¥
: gl
BICKERDIKE . 1903 - 1907
FRANKFURT *(MAIN) 1b Machine ‘2’
Two ‘Bickerdikes’ became operational at
Frankfurt (Main) in 1903.
Machine ‘1’ applied postmarks to out-going mail, while
MACHINE ‘2’ (‘b’ = in dater dial) APPLIED ‘ARRIVAL’ OR
SERVICE POSTMARKS TO IN-COMING MAIL Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with
‘bridge’ & vertical grill.
Usage: 2 August 1903-12 January 1905
(Complete ‘bridge’ in dater dial)
4 May 1905 —3 April 19707 (Broken ‘bridge’ in dater dial)
MAIL FROM ITALY
h POSTALE 4 MAY 1905
in-coming view-card, sent from Rome, lialy,
to Frankfurt/Main.
‘Bickerdike’ Arrival Postmark:
“Frankfurt *(Main)1b, 4 May 1905, 6-7 AM”
10 Centesimi.. UPU International
Postcard- Rate
B. Su l
la to
an
te ri
or e
de ll
a pr
es en
te
si sc
ri ve
se
lt an
to
[i nd ir iz zo .
Earliest known date for peices
‘broken bridge’ use. :
DOMESTIC IN-BOUND MAIL Poftt
qes fe
5 JULY 1905
Postal stationery card, sent from Biedenkopf to
Frankfurt (Main).
‘Bickerdike’ Arrival Postmark:
“Frankfurt *(Main)ib, 6 July 1905, 10-11AM”
5 Pfennig... Domestic
postcard-rate.
Webnung .. 7 (Etrafe ab Sausnumply f
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h
Posimark Type !
At ‘Halle’, two ‘flag’ obliterator dies were used. Early use ‘TYPET’
HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS * Dater Dial 26mm;
* Flag oblferato: length 48mm al top * $mail thick cross in crown.
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along witha ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with fassels and postal hom.
Usage: 14 June 1703-22 April 1905
Briefkaart — Gartalina postale — Posi card — he i Kafe
View-card, [' eo f sent to ee y
Eggersdorf | | (Province Saxony). Z Wd ae & be 2 “
v / a
First-Day of Use.
ie a. ute
ios al
Gutschow & Barnieske TT
Halle a. S.
Postkarte. [anes 7 ett SRR SRR i i ¥ it ae
\ Naccnat ad ee Apia SAC
= ie
An
15 JUNE 1903
Commercial
postcard,
sent to
Quedlinburg.
Second Day of Use.
§ Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-rate
BICKERDIKE HALLE (Saale) 2h
Postmark Type |
SINGLE-WEIGHT LETTER-RATE
8 JULY 1903
Cover,
sent to Adlershof
near Berlin.
Arrival Postmark:
1903 - 1905
DOMESTIC LETTER-RATES
(Reverse)
“Adilershof, ' 8 July 1903..”
10 Pfennig... Domestic.
single-weight letier-rate (20 grarns).
fois aD ae DOUBLE-WEIGHT f= EIITS > | LETTER-RATE | 22.8. 03-2N] | «4 a Si S J | 22 AUGUST 1903
An die sae) «4 | | Business reply
cover (coal mining
company),
Ramsdorfer Bratinkohtenwerke Aktien-Gesellschaft
Ramsdort b. Lucka S.-A.
19
sent fo Ramsdorf (Province Saxony-
Anhalt).
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Lucka
(Sachs. Alf), 22 August 1903..."
20 Pfennig... Domestic
double-weigh!
letier-rate (20-250 grams}.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h OFFICIAL PRUSSIAN
Postmark Type | GOVERNMENT MAIL
20 JULY 1903
Cover, inner-city mail sent from the ‘Imperial Prussian Provincial Police District Office’
to the police administrative office at Halle.
5 Pfennig... (government service postage)
inner-city letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams.
aaa a
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h OFFICIAL PRUSSIAN
Postmark Type | GOVERNMENT MAIL
| Frei it. Avers. Xo. 21.
|Ral.PrRisenbahndiraktion
RAILWAY ADMINISTRATION MAIL
9 DECEMBER 1903 Folded-letter, sent to the Halle City Magistrate’s Office.
OFFICE OF FORESTRY
11 DECEMBER
1903 a se oS a aes A, ML Postcard,
Pre It. ad Pe oe PELE fe sent locally.
Eg. hy, Reriorlorg,epat : ; ;
C. 154.
5 Pfennig... (government service postage)
inner-city letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams & Domestic positcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h SOLDIER'S MAIL
Postmark Type |
‘Soldiers’ Mail’ (to or from a soldier) was FREE-FRANK AS LONG AS ENDORSED
“Soldatenbrief/Postkarte” or “Soldatenbrief eigene Angelegenheit des Empfangers”
(“Soldier's Mail. Personal Matters Conceming the Recipient”)
"( POSTKARTE
WELTPOSTVERBIN.
iS
: » |}. CARTH-POSTALE. ay SOLDATENPOSTKARTE F. UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE. He on :
15 NOVEMBER 1904 | yo
Viewcard, Los sent to a soldier |
stationed at is Stuttgart ae
(Wirttemberg). is E
Arrival Postmark: } (Reverse) |
“Suttgart PAI, | 16 November (17) 04..” |
IP |
ee | ee ee
x ayo OT shape eae, %
Non from “SOLDATENBRIEF..”
<4 yu yi, TISAI 27 DECEMBER 1904
fAIE Viewcard, sent to a soldier
stationed at
Munich (Bavaria).
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Muenchen
28 December (1904)..”
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h FORWARDED FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
Postmark Type |
GERMANY to FRANCE
10 NOVEMBER1903. &
View-card, sent to Geneva,
Seitizeriand, forwarded upon arrival
to Montpellier, France.
Forwarding & Arrival ae oe
Postmarks: a
“Geneva, ee
11 November 1903” | =
“Geneva, 3 | :
a Secon, ad | - ei et a oh ae “Montpellier, x ——__
17 November 1903
=“ mat :
Pate wy plane
10 Pfennig... patos Leeann See ee
UPU International
Posicard-Rate. | Oey
SSS GERMANY-AUSTRIA ~ to SWITZERLAND WITH
oe : ADDED-FRANKING Doftfarte. <= |
\ Al 10 4 it eM Li 20 JULY 1904
View-card, sent to
Vienna, Austria,
postage added, forwarded upon
arrival to
St. Moritz, Switzerland.
Arrivai Postmark:
“St. Moritz (Bad), 23 August 1904.."
5 Pfennig... UPU international
Printed-Maitter [iess than 10 words of texf}.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h FOREIGN-BOUND POSTAGE-DUE MAIL
Postmark Type !
GERMANY- SWITZERLAND
27 JUNE 1903
Under-franked cover, sent io
Tarasp Kurhaus, Switzerland,
resulting in 25 Centimes for
missing postage + penalty.
Arrival Postmark:
(Reverse)
“Tarasp Kurhaus, 29 June 1903”
Required Postage: 20 Pfennig...
UPU Single-Weight international Letter-
Rate
GERMANY-ITALY-
GERMANY
4 NOVEMBER 1903
View-card, sent to Milan, Italy,
refused upon arrival, returned to Halle with lialian postage due
added.
Arrival Postmarks: “Milan,
16 November 1903.”
“Halle (Saale),
10 December
1903”
5 Pfennig... UPU Intemational
Printed-Matter {less than 10 words of
text).
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Sagle)2h IMPROPER MACHINE OPERATION
Postmark Type |
eer
DOUBLE IN-FEED OF MAIL INTO THE
MACHINE
16 JULY 1903
‘Double obliterator impression’ ...
possibly a result of a machine jam
requiring mail to be | re-fed into the wf
machine.
IMPROPER POSTMARK ALIGNMENT
9 NOVEMBER 1903
Possibly machine mail in-feed tray
misaligned resulting in
postmark not entirely obliterating
the postage, requiring the postal
clerk to hand- cancel postage.
§ Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1905 HALLE (Saale) 2h POSTMARK DATER-DIAL DAMAGE
Postmark Type |
Commencing in late 1903 through 1905, THE ‘POSTMARK DATER-DIAL’ PROGRESSIVELY LOST PARTS
OF ITS ‘BRIDGE’ OVER TIME.
COMPLETE POSTMARK 4 “te men filling \ DATER-DIAL ‘BRIDGE \) oftfarte )
EARLY-MID 1903 : oll 16 JULY 1903 | ee
Je)
[ APA A t }
Viewcard, | Mi EVV ee sent to Semlow. ee Pp ae
: i f v L MAS i fy ae ae Se eae es ae —
i ee Lk i | :
_ Post-Karte
| Carte postale — Cartoling-pe
hit
- Brefkort. Weltpostverei PARTIAL LOSS OF
‘BRIDGE’ MID-1904
11 JULY 1904
Viewcard,
sent to Dresden.
PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF POSTMARK ‘BRIDGE’
LATE-1904
23 DECEMBER 1704
Viewcard, sent to Frankfurt/Main.
Y Series 695. 2.
§ Piennig.. Domestic postcard-rate.
DICKRERVIKRE 1905- 1906 HALLE (Saale) 2h
Postmark Type Ii
By July, 1905, the heretofore ‘Type I flag dater-dial continued in use but the obliterator was replaced.. resulting in a ..
‘TYPE I’ POSTMARK HAVING THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: * Dater Dial 24mm having a large portion
of the top bridge bar missing;
* Flag obliterator length 50mm at top; * Large thin cross in crown; * Sharper image & clarity than ‘Type I’.
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with broken top bridge bar & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 14 July 1705-31 December 1907
14 JULY 1903
Cover,
sent fo Berlin.
10 Ptennig.. Domestic single-weight letter-rate for mail up to
20 grams
Earliest Known Usage.
ra e
20 SEPTEMBER 1905
Cover,
unsealed,
printed-matter enclosure, sent to a clergyman
at Buttstadt.
3 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1906 HALLE (Saale) 2h POSTCARD USAGE
Postmark Type Il
€. Hofmeifter & Co.
| Drahtnadridten:
COMMERCIAL == Se MAIL | mS
4 AUGUST 1905 a
Domestic | commercial
postcard, sent to the Town of Roda,
(Province Saxony- Anhall).
a
Mr f | * it ss 1" -, eS NEW YEAR’S
| Cf 4 GREETING CARD
Meinl c ch ee et ae Ra? eee CLF CS Pie A RENE Oi ccoecc 31 DECEMBER 1905
é | New Year's Greeting Card,
5 sent to a family at = Magdeburg-
et - Burkau.
id oe x ee) wr ee
Ps “
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906
HAMBURG *1x
Postmark Type | . y 7
; Machine ] DN
in addition to a Canadian-built trial machine vanes) Ooi Hine 9 use at Hamburg from 1899 to 1904, a German-built 2 Tamgehere ‘Bickerdike’ for field-use became operational in i a
November 1903 = ‘Hamburg Machine 1’. wee 5 Poe
oe a ee wa!
MACHINE ‘1’ WAS DEDICATED TO APPLY ORIGIN Frente /an,
POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL. a f Beelenls 7 oatatigas
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ | ns Cis & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator (staff with round ball head) having a crown, banner with tassels and
postal horn.
Usage: 10 November 1703 - 1 January 1706
EXHIBITION MAIL
19 NOVEMBER 1903 | POSTRARTE |
Commemorative
view-Card,
sent from the
‘Tenth International
L u x u s d r u c k
vo n
K n a c k s t e d t
& N&
th er
, Li
ch td
rn ck
er ei
, H a m b u r g .
5 Pfennig
postcard-rate eae
=
eran ae X INTERNATION. AUS- :
Photographic Art' | STELLUNG VON KUNST- 3
PHOTOGRAPHIEN HAM: ;
19 Charlottenburg BURG ee a e
(Berlin). SERIE IV [= x %
mF ne
y Arrival Postmark: “Charlottenburg 4, Ay Jf AL or [<_, wm 2
20 November 1903..” 3
Domestic
er tt ido nae a 7 SS ? PO re Te —
‘ aan. ORR i a
i ‘
_
OFFICIAL POST OFFICE
MAIL 29 DECEMBER 1904
Appointment confirmation notification
sent to a Hamburg resideni.
-
J
et
c e a s e s
ae a h
e e e
ca e
R o a m er
ea e
A e
e e b e e
eu oe pesmi: ae teneeee dW ee yas
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 HAMBURG *1x OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT MAIL
Postmark 1
Machine ‘T’
a “= = eee Se ae =i
# Leccrttrri i tty Pe crete a : ites iaohotiptie hs yi eke
a
‘IMPERIAL PRUSSIAN LEGATION’ MAIL
| 7100 441 ON] _ eZ |
7 OCTOBER 1904 pe
Cover,
sent to a business in Hamburg ¢ fo ;
Arrival Postmark: (reverse)
“Hamburg *Iw,
7 October..”
Free-frank
official mail.
HAMBURG CITY CIVIL COURTS &
____TAX OFFICE MAIL
Kaffe des Sand: und bebe baits rab ict 20 MAY 1905
Official correspondence cover, postage
collect, to a resident of Hamburg.
i: ia Unfranked Nhe . ae official mail
| requiring postage
collection from
ree atte t Ars reécipiem....
wrtopflichtige Dienstsache.
si a te Mai Up iG
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 HAMBURG *1x INNER-CITY MAIL
Postmark |
Machine ‘1’
POSTCARD/POSTAL CARD
CITY RATE
25 NOVEMBER 1904
Postal stationery card, business communication
sent to a a a ere ems " ee
renowned philatelic Ree i | a dealer Herrn Wilh, Selischopp -
“Wilhelm Selischopp” 4 ee ; Se | prior to his move to ea Grosse Bleichen 49,
San Francisco. ; Be ie
Arrival Postmark: “Hamburg “lae,
25 November (19)04..”
2 Pfennig.. : — Popmng acts See 2 Chee eer ee | I nner- city (Gtrafe und Hausnummer)
posicard-rate
ke i fo
LETTER-MAIL
CITY -RATE
24 DECEMBER 1904
Cover,
sent locally.
5 Pfennig.. inner-city single-weight
letter-rate for mail
up to 20 grams.
BICKERDIKE HAMBURG *1x
Postmark |
Machine ‘T’
PRINTED MATTER MAIL
5 DECEMBER 1903 _
Cover, advertising
enclosure, sent to Miahlhausen,
(Province Thuringia).
3 Pfennig.. Domestic
printed-matter rate
for mail up to 50 grams
1903 — 1906
COMMERCIAL LETTER MAIL
LETTER-RATE MAIL REDIRECTED
22 APRIL 1905
Cover senttioa
court judge at “Konigsberg” redirected to
“Fritziar” (Province Franconia).
10 Pfennig.. Domestic single- weight letter-rate for mail up to 20
grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 HAMBURG *1x
Postmark |
Machine ‘1’
COMMERCIAL POSTCARD MAIL
MAILTO SWEDEN , . . :
J
15 MARCH 1905 a Jt
Commercial mail,
sentio a business
in Sweden.
16 Pfennig.. UPU International
Postcard-Rate
ee (Sirape und Hausiummer)
DOMESTIC BANK MAIL
WITH PERFIN POSTAGE
15 APRIL 1905
Bank business
mail, sent to a bank in Tondern (Province Schleswig).
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
posicard-rate.
Perfin “VLH." =
“Vereinsbank
in
Hamburg”
4 Ss | Letat i
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 HAMBURG *1x
Postmark | Variety
Machine ‘1’
About May-June 1905, the obliterator die started to
show wear .. manifesting itself in the
‘BALL SPHERE’ AT TOP OF STAFF NOW ‘FLATTENED’
INSTEAD OF HERETOFORE ‘ROUND’
FLAG OBLITERATOR WEAR DAMAGE ... FLATTENED ‘BALL SPHERE’ AT TOP OF FLAG STAFF
i PTT 4 “ay |
5 JUNE 1905
View-card,
sent to Heilbronn.
Arrival Postmark:
“Heilbronn Neckar,
6 June 1905..”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905-1906
HAMBURG *1x INNER-CITY MAIL Postmark Type Il
Machine ‘2’
The first trial Bickerdike Machine had been tested at Hamburg applying a seven-line ‘Hmb’ Postmark to out-going mail belween
1899-1904, subsequently overhauled,
given a new postmarking die and again placed into service at
Hamburg in January 1905 .. referenced here as ‘HAMBURG BICKERDIKE MACHINE 2".
MACHINE ‘2’ APPLIED ONLY ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical
grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator (staff with ‘spear’ head)
having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 16 January 1905 - 27 April 1706
—
POSTAL STATIONERY CARD ..
INNER-CITY MAIL
28 JANUARY 1905
“Ladies Evening” announcement sent to
members of the
Hamburg Philatelic Society of 1885
Z Piennig ... £ " , ib Mmner-ciry
posicard-rate
Pledebi CE 5
INNER-CITY LETTER
18 AUGUST 1905
Commercial cover,
sent locally.
5 Pfennig...
Single-weight inner-city
lefter-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1906 HAMBURG *1x DATER DIAL DAMAGE
Postmark Type II Machine ‘2'
Commencing approximately May 1905, the DATER-DIAL ‘BRIDGE’ PROGRESSIVELY LOST PARTS LEAVING OPEN SPACES
neither being replaced nor repaired by the Reichspost.
Damaged Dater Dial (approx.): 19 May 1905 - 14 April 1906
PRIVATE-ISSUED
POSTAL STATIONERY
COVER
9 SEPTEMBER 1905
Cover,
printed-matier = =
enclosure,sent =~ = = ae
toalarge farm = Ss : ye
owner at aes. le
Radaudorf (Province Silesia),
marked ‘Return’
(to sender).
Postmark dater
dial with ONE break in upper bridge bar.
3 Pfennig ... Printed-matter
rate for mail up
to 50 grams.
A. PROPFE & €a.
HAMBURG I,
Alsterdamm No. 4/5,
INNER-CITY
COMMERCIAL MAIL
13 OCTOBER 1905
Business postcard,
sent locally.
Postmark dater dial now having TWO breaks in the
upper bridge bar.
2 Pfennig... inner-city
posicard-rate
yr
é 2’
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1906
HAMBURG *1x
Postmark Type | & Il Machines ‘1’ & ‘2’
EXAMPLES OF SAME DATE & TIME OPERATION OF MACHINES ‘1’ & ‘2’... POSTMARK TYPES ‘I’ & ‘Il’.... 6 SEPTEMBER 1905
=
ti e
PRIVATE-ISSUED POSTAL STATIONERY FOR PRINTED-MATTER
9 SEPTEMBER 1905
Covers, printed-matter enclosures, sent from the Hamburg Company ‘Schilke & Mayr’
to large-farm managers with both ‘returned to sender’.
3 Pfennig ... Printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE 1908 - 1909 ALTONA *(Eibe) 1b
‘HAMBURG MACHINE 2’ ceased operation at in 1906 remaining dormant
for two years prior to
TRANSFER TO THE CITY OF ALTONA WHERE IT APPLIED
POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL USING A NEW DATER-DIAL BUT WORN ‘HAMBURG’ FLAG OBLITERATOR
Zi
Postmark: 26 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator / (staff with ‘spear’ head) having a crown,
banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 23 May 1908 - 2 January 1909
Carte postale - Briefkaart / Gp \ ree ee. Sf ase
bevelezd-loa snice —{. cere “6 6.08.2-3
Union postale luniRcselie Unione postale.universald
Gorresponde Mel nioeree TCE MO | — Cartolina voit Targeta
M A D E
IN G E R M A N Y
6 JUNE 1908
‘Pentecost Greetings Card’,
sent to Hamburg.
5 Pfennig .. Domestic posicard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1902-1911 KARLSRUHE *(BADEN) 1*
Postmark Type |
As a purchase condition for Rist es ‘Bickerdikes’ now manufactured under license mh
in Germany by the Deutsche Waffen und : . Munitionsfabriken, the Reichspost required a Se wlan “= test/training machine be supplied in 1902. Pirate Sees “te
Ven Se eS INITIALLY AS A ‘TRAINING MACHINE’ AND LATER AS ast o ‘FIELD-OPERATIONAL’, THE ‘KARLSRUHE BICKERDIKE’ 7 Nirverg,
HAD VARIED USE FROM APPLYING A ‘FLAG soe
POSTMARK’ TO OUT-GOING MAIL TO APPLYING [if or es ARRIVAL OR SERVICE POSTMARKS TO INCOMING MAIL..
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’, with Usage: “Karlsruhe (Baden)”...the latter WIDELY SPACED, 1% September 1902 - 2 October 1711
vertical grill along with ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels
approx. Imm FROM HALYARD) and postal horn.
31 DECEMBER 1909
a
i l
l e n
Postal stationery correspondence card
sent to Munich.
5 Pfennig ...
Domestic postcard-rate
31 DECEMBER 1909
Cover sent fo Hamburg.
10 Pfennig.. Domestic
single-weight letter-rate (20 grarns).
Exp. Oechsner BPP
BICKERDIKE 1902 - 1906 KARLSRUHE *(BADEN) 1* IN-BOUND PROVINCIAL MAIL
Arrival Postmark
INITIALLY AS A ‘TRAINING MACHINE’ AND LATER ‘FIELD-OPERATIONAL’, THE ‘KARLSRUHE BICKERDIKE’
HAD VARIED USE FROM APPLYING A ‘FLAG POSTMARK’ TO OUT-GOING MAILTO APPLYING ARRIVAL OR
SERVICE POSTMARKS TO INCOMING MAIL.
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’, with “Karlsruhe (Bacden)”...the latter WIDELY SPACED,
and vertical grill without obliterator.
Usage: 25 December 1902-30 October 1706
IN-BOUND MAIL FROM BAVARIA
4 JULY 1904
View-card,
postmarked at Nuremberg,
sent to Karlsruhe.
Honiareich Bayern/ 4 ae
2LIOE cs Do it tFarte' aR
ee “emer IN-BOUND MAIL FROM in res ee Ses : PROVINCE BADEN
CE NM os A MMe co iene eet 27 OCTOBER 1906
ea bee Peg eo eae 2S Bavarian Post Office i = 3 postal stationery card,
: a te postmarked at NeuUIm,
Wobiunta —.-....... / Bd CAP ee (Strahe und Hausnuimmnerd
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE KARLSRUHE *(BADEN) 1*
Postmark Type Il
1903 - 1904
The ‘KARLSRUHE BICKERDIKE’ WAS MODIFIED in October, 1903, WITH AN AUTOMATIC IN-FEED and a test was conducted for several
months, whereby the machine received
A NEW DATER DIAL & OBLITERATOR = ‘KARLSRUHE POSTMARK TYPE II ‘
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’, with “Karlsruhe (Baden)”...the latter NARROWLY SPACED, and vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels
(approx. O.5mm FROM HALYARD) and postal hom.
Usage: 5 October 1903-31 December 1704
“As RUD 1
CIVILIAN LETTER MAIL ell sion AD 03.4 oN
7 OCTOBER 1903 iT Dien
Cover sent to Freiburg. eg 7 ea. ae 10 Pfennig ... Domestic 7, Mo
single-weight letter-rate DO 0- MOO of. ' (20 grams).
he Tne ga Ma Ta Ty Si Dah Taha TN ae ee Me dealin rete aera inate aimee foe ee PP RAI IOI
Safle i Verlag von eres inlinddenshpeuttl. eee] und Bad. Lan « dey xi sinelsnuhes? “ec
= TI = TR or ee fruskesch.
Buchhandlung — Papierhandlung — Buchbinderei
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER
ADVERTISING MAIL
6 NOVEMBER 1903
Cover, printed-
matter, sent to Engen.
3 Pfennig.. Domestic
printed-matter mail rate
for mail up
to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1904 KARLSRUHE *(BADEN) 1*
Postmark Type Il COMMERCIAL MAIL
10 OCTOBER 1903
Postal stationery card (business
correspondence), sent to Esslingen,
(Province Wirttemberg).
df. 8
5 Pfennig ...
Domestic posicard-rate.
Wobnung (Gtrape ibd Hausnynimer)
27 FEBRUARY 1904
Cover, printed-matter enclosure (‘Baden State Insurance Office’), sent to Hagen. inserted through machine three times until postmarking success.
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed-matter mail rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906
LUBECK “iq
One ‘Bickerdike’ was operational ay " at the City of Libeck P ee Cy
FOR APPLYING faomua ine ss
ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL p ‘ ‘cate es Dvscetgert “ess “oe Posen
Postmark: 25 mm double-circle dater-dial with Fteeifua, or ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a ‘eoeiese sang, ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, (_gStotigae banner with tassels and postal horn. Erateury Fa
Usage: 10 July 1703 - 17 June 1906
FREE-FRANK SOLDIER'S MAIL 7 i i Re oe Ma Ht ff
CFC tk ho alg fey ck ti ¢ L ‘e ed a Me bait Lp ag ely
ca | / CARTE Pos take r ‘ A srione postale universale. — WEE POST RETIN
View-card, from a soldier Brev-Kort. -— Post-card. — | visiting the City of Liibeck,
sent to a comrade stationed at the Town of Ratzeburg.
12 JULY 1903
Arrival Postmark: “Ratzeburg (Lavenburg)
12 July 1903 ..”
Free-Frank as long as the soldier endorsed mail .. “Soldatenbrief. Eigene
Angelegenheit des Empfangers” (“Soldier's Mail. Personal Matters
Conceming the Recipient”)
fairs \ COMMERCIAL 4, ! * MAIL WITH PERFIN ms “$i it OF 9 N POSTAGE
iG 5 OCTOBER 1904
Commercial posicard sent to a
business at
Friedrichstadt
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate
Pertin:
P : “A.B.S. = gee jo ne eneneeeersecnpcore A teneemenennadenened ae ee ane eae et ketene an rae “A. Behn & Sohn "
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1906 LUBECK *Iq
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
6 MAY 1904
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, _ sent from Libeck to a business in Berlin
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1907 MANNHEIM *1*
One ‘Bickerdike’ was operational at the City of Mannheim
FOR APPLYING ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL.
Postmark: 25 mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal horn.
Usage: 29 July 1903-29 October 1907
DOMESTIC POSTCARD
29 JULY 1903
View-card,
sent to Wiesbaden.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
posicard-rate.
Earliest known usage.
LOCAL CITY PRINTED MATTER
RATE
10 AUGUST 1903
Cover,
printed-matter enclosed,
..“Deutsche
Friedens- geselischaft” (“German Peace
Association ..
Mannheim Branch"},
sent locally.
2 Pfennig.. Local city
printed matter rate for mail to
50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1907 MANNHEIM *1* FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
MAIL TO LUXEMBOURG
28 NOVEMBER 19703
View-card, sent to
Luxembourg City.
Arrival Postmark:
“Luxembourg City,
29 November 1903”
5 Pfennig.. Concession
posicard-raie to Luxembourg.
MAIL TO SWITZERLAND
31 OCTOBER 1703
So-called “Lady’s Cover’, sent to Geneva, Switzerland.
Arrival Postmark: (on reverse)
“Geneva, 1 October 1903...”
20 Pfennig (2x 10 Pfg)..
UPU Single-Weight Letier-Rate
Smallest known cover having a flag postmark.. 68 x 103mm (2.67 x 4.05”).
MAIL TO THE
UNTIED STATES OF AMERICA
13 JUNE 1905
View-card, sent to
Tampa, Florida.
9-day transit time.
Arrival Postmark: {on reverse)
“Tampa, June 22,1905”
10 Pfennig (2x 5 Pfg)..
UPU International
Postcard-Rate
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1907 MANNHEIM *1* OFFICIAL
GOVERNMENT MAIL
NOTIFICATION OF RESIDENCY
11 FEBRUARY 1905
Mannheim City Notification Folded-Letter of a new inhabitant’s registration, sent to the Police Registry Office at Sennfeld.
10 Pfennig..
Single -weight (20 grams) letter-rate official postage franking.
: ee ee a. eee Senee ae
BS alte
p Fe It Avers No. 18, | UPOssh. Bozirksamt
i MANNHiIy 1 Bi, ea f
REQUEST FOR CONFIRMATION OF RESIDENCY 25 APRIL 1904
Free-frank folded-letter request sent from the Mannheim City Police to the Aalen Town Registry Office
(Province Wirttemberg).
ie Co ae Cerra ae
BICKERDIKE Mannheim *1*
COMMERCIAL MAIL
1 September 1903
Business postcard
communication sent from a Mannheim cigar manufacturer to a client in Leipzig.
5 Piennig.. 2+3 Pig..
Domestic postcard-
rate.
1903 - 1907
Jacob Retwitzer
Cigarren-Fabriken
MANNHEIM. DEL ASCHARE
14 December 1903
Business letter sent
from Mannheim to
a cognac
manufacturer
located in
Dromersheim,
Province
Rheinhessen.
Receival Postmark: (on reverse)
“Dromersheim, 15
December 1903,
1-2 PM”
Franking:
10 Pfennig..
Domestic letter-rate for mail weighing
up to 20 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1907 MANNHEIM *1* COMMERCIAL POSTCARD MAIL
PRINTED MATTER
20 OCTOBER 1903 Dofttar am er
Commercial | cere advertising, sent to 7" Segeten, Baden.
Arrival Postmark:
“Herscheid,
21 October 1903”
3 Pfennig.. Domestic prinied-
matter for mail up to
BANK CORNER-CARD MAIL
5 JANUARY 1905
Correspondence sent to Schwabisch Hall.
Arrival Postmark:
“Schwdabisch Hall,
6 January 1904...”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic Posicard-Rate
PERFIN FRANKED CARD
13 MARCH 1906
és BM” = p
‘Bassermann Company’ | perfin- franked
cornespondence card, sent to Bayreuth.
Arrival Postmark: “Bayreuth,
14 March 1906”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1907 MANNHEIM *1*
DOUBLE POSTMARK IMPRESSION RESULTING FROM INCORRECT INFEED or
MISSING INFEED GUIDE
Postcard possibly incorectly fed into the
‘Bickerdike’... narrow-side leading, or machine maifunction with card
shifting incorrectly to the left because of missing in-feed guide.
7 OCTOBER 1903
Viewcard,
sent to Pforzheim
Arrival Postmark: “Pforzheim,
7 October 1903 ..”
5 Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE STRASSBURG *(ELS) 1s
One ‘Bickerdike’ was operational at the City of Strassburg, Alsace Province,
now part of France, and
APPLIED PRIMARILY ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL.
Postmark: 28 mm double-circle dater- dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with a ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels and postal hom.
Usage: 11 August 1703 - 12 December 1712
1903 - 1912
5 tweed ran Denne Mnebia, 1 *S.deoris :
' ahi Temacbery
Monnange Bestia Rreskeng.¢ ors - TaAara’
Brauascherig Preoktart ft, Farce
DirielderE + Halley Saiia F Abin Caves alrpe ‘ "T
Benn Wetene® Deardery Geetin Keno ~* Crhoanait. Ged,
Freakdari iM, 3
Seerbritchan
WGreerg
pdb ettgent
ay Cretbere le.
Alineies”
FLAT-RATE POSTAGE
MAILTO AUSTRIA
13 AUGUST 1903
Postal stationery letter-card, sent to Prein/Payerbach,
Austria.
Arrival Postmark:
“Prein,
15 August 1903”
10 Pfennig.. Concession
letter-rate
for mail
to Ausiria.
Wobnung eee ees tee MA LLCMEGELSE (Strape und Sausnummer)
+f MANESCO’
INNER-CITY REDUCED-RATE POSTAL-CARD
30 DECEMBER 1904
Postal stationery
card, sent locally.
2 Pfennig.. Flat-rate postal
stationery & postcard-rate for inner-city mail.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1912 STRASSBURG *(ELS) 1s MAIL TO FRANCE
Pirresie Lie d Sgn Zi
es SMALLEST KNOWN COVER HAVING A FLAG POSTMARK
(68 x 103mm = 2.67” x 4.05")
29 DECEMBER 19703
So-called “Lady’s Cover”, sent to Nancy, France.
Carte Postale nn
Postkarte - Post card}= Gartolina Postale - [cevelezo- Kap:
Brefkort - Briefkaart - Brevkor tha __ OTKPbITOE MVMCbMO. 4 Tarjeta postal - Carto posta ara |
Union postale universelle fey
e m
CHRISTMAS GREETINGS CARD
11 DECEMBER 1903
Litho-embossed Christmas Card, sent to Paris, France.
§ Pfennig... UPU International Printed-Matter Rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE STRASSBURG “(ELS) 1s
MAILTO PORTUGAL
1 JANUARY 1905
Postcard Business
correspondence, sent from the
“Strassburg Theater & Concer Bureau" to Porto, Portugal.
Arrival Postmark: “Porto Central,
-- January 1905..”
10 Pfennig.. UPU International Postcard -Rate.
1903 - 1912
FOREIGN-BOUND COMMERCIAL MAIL
MAILTO SWITZERLAND
21 JUNE 1906 (8-9 PM)
Cover, advertising enclosure,
sent to
Zug, Switzerland
Arrival
Postmark: (Reverse)
“Zug, 21 June
1906 (12 PM)”
5 Pfennig.. UPU
International Printed-Matter
Rate for mail up fo 50 grams
BICKERDIKE 1904 - 1916
EXPANDED FIELD USAGE
On 28 November 1903, the Reichspost instructed the German
machine licensee that all henceforth-supplied
‘Bickerdikes’ should no longer be fitted with the heretofore
‘Postal Flag’ Obliterator, but with a
NEW OBLITERATOR HAVING
‘SIX WAVY LINES IN THREE GROUPS SEPARATED
BY TWO PAIR OF VERTICAL BARS’.
Between 1904-1905, SEVENTEEN additional ‘Bickerdikes’ were delivered to the Reichspost at the following post offices with
subsequent machine transfers indicated:
Aachen *Ip
Berlin C *2B
... Berlin W *9* ... Berlin SW *46*
Cassel *1x Darmstadt *1*
Dresden-Alist *1*
Disseldorf-Ausstellung ... Disseldorf *6t ... Diisseldorf *1u ...Disseldorf *1t
Elberfeld *1s
... Elberfeld *2s
Essen (Ruhr) *Ib
Hannover *1ff ... Hameln *le
N S
—
ial i
ca l
Pa 10
9
10. Kiel did
11, Konigsberg b(Pr)1b
... Bloomberg *Ip 12. Magdeburg *lo
... Dessau *1* 13. Mainz *3* 14. Stettin *1k
ONE machine was also
delivered to the independent Postal Administration of Wairttemberg and TWO machines fo that of Bavaria.
BICKERDIKE 1905-1911 AACHEN *Ip
Between 1904-1905, fourteen additional ‘Bickerdikes’ were delivered to various
Reichpost Post Offices with each having a NEW POSTMARK DESIGN
replacing the heretofore flag obliterator.
Aachen
Postmark: 25mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with six wavy- lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 13 May 1905-31 August 1911
25 MAY 1905
Viewcard, sent to Cottbus.
Artival Postmark:
“Cottbus, 26 May 1905..”
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
positcard-rate.
31 AUGUST 1911
Cover, printed-matter
enclosure, sent to Engen.
3 Pfennig ... (Perfin}
Domestic
printed-matiter rate
for mail up to 50 grams.
Latest known
usage.
BICKERDIKE BERLIN. C. *2B
THE ‘BERLIN BICKERDIKE’, delivered in early 1904, WAS FURNISHED WITH AN AUTOMATIC IN-FEED FOR
TESTING AT THE BERLIN CENTRAL POST OFFICE.
Postmark: 26mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by fwo pair of vertical ba
Usage: 14March 1904-16 June 1704
FOREIGN-BOUND PRINTED-MATTER
POSTCARD MAIL
16.6.045-6N. }
bare if - No. 12 Behr & Flether, Berlin S. 42
16 JUNE 1904
Viewcard of (Berlin) ‘Babelsberg Castle’ sent to
Cape Town, South Africa.
5 Pfennig ... UPU International Printed-Matter Posicard Rate
for mail with less than ten words of text.
Latest known date.
1904
BICKERDIKE 1904 - 1909 BERLIN. W*9 *
AFTER COMPLETION OF THE TRIAL & TESTING OF THE
AUTOMATIC IN-FEED OF THE ‘BICKERDIKE’ AT THE ‘BERLIN CENTRAL’ POST OFFICE BETWEEN
MARCH-JUNE, 1904, THE MACHINE WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE “BERLIN W9’ POST OFFICE FOR FIELD USE.
Postmark: 26mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 20 October 1904-10 September 1909
FREE-FRANK POST OFFICE NEWSPAPER-BRANCH MAIL
16 APRIL 1908
Free-frank postcard, post office newspaper-branch ‘Zeitungstiberweisung
(newspaper subscription related) mail sent to the City of Herborn Post Office.
r
Arrival Postmark: “Herborn (Wiesbaden),
17 April 1908 ..”
BICKERDIKE 1904 - 1909 BERLIN W * 9 * POSTCARD USAGES
INNER-CITY
COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING MAIL
13 FEBRUARY 1906
Local postcard, = 3... oe printed-matter, sent | from a professional
association to a local architect.
FLICKSCHU, CARL, Architekt far Innenausbau,
50, 33,
Schlesische Strasse }2,
2 Pfennig.. pee MUSA IOTS inner-city tr Ese SS Se eee Ee ee POSE ee
postcard-rate or printed-matter mail Wobn Ie AUS gop et eo ee eo ern Olen agg te igh oon GE eee ce
up fo 50 grams. (Strafe und ! ee
MAIL TO FINLAND (RUSSIA)
: Een sass oe 3 NOVEMBER 1907
le tid Len,
ae a3 View-card
eae | (‘Berlin Wannsee’)
ee aes Veer oj ntetearh Bitaw || | CMSA. See sent to fe , evel te i oe Helsingfors, Finland
id (Russia).
] 10 Pfennig.. a UPU International
Positcard-Rate
BICKERDIKE 1910-1911 BERLIN. SW *48*
FIVE ‘BICKERDIKE MACHINES WERE REPLACED AT SEVERAL BERLIN POST OFFICES IN 1910 WITH FASTER-OPERATING ‘KRAG’
POSTMARKING MACHINES RESULTING IN TRANSFER OF TWO OF THOSE MACHINES TO LOCAL LESS-MAIL-VOLUME POST OFFICES.
THE HERETOFORE ‘BICKERDIKE’ OPERATING AT THE ‘BERLIN W9’ POST OFFICE WAS TRANSFERRED TO ‘BERLIN SW 48’,
WHILE ANOTHER FROM ‘BERLIN 2’ WENT TO ‘BERLIN W 35’. Postmark: 25mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical
grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 31 December 1910-13 November 1911
EARLIEST REPORTED DATE
31 DECEMBER 1910
Printed-matter-rate viewcard, postmarked at Berlin Post Office ‘48’, sent locally.
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed-matter rate
One of two examples known.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1909 CASSEL * 1x
Postmark: 25mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 11 April 1905-17 May 1909
11 APRIL 1905
Cover, attorney’s correspondence, sent from to a notary public in St. Louis, Missouri.
Arrival Postmark: (on reverse)
“St. Louis, Mo, April 22 ..” (International Machine Mark)
40 Pfennig ... UPU Double-Weight Intemational Letter-Rate.
Earliest known usage date.
BICKERDIKE 1905-1909 CASSEL * 1 x DOMESTIC POSTCARD USAGE
Commencing in July 1907, the dater dial began showing
wear & damage at the dial-bottom.
INNER-CITY POSTCARD
8 MAY 1905
Decorative
greeting’s card, sent locally.
Postmark dater dial
without damage.
2 Pfennig.. Se ‘ i .
inner-city a ea tee posicard rate. . Ni
J f
i
DOMESTIC POSTCARD
15 AUGUST 1907
Viewcard, sent to
Herrenhut (Province Saxony).
Dater-dial showing damage (gap) at
dial-bottom.
5 Plennig ... Domestic
posicard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1913 DARMSTADT *1*
Postmark: 27mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy- lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 18 May 1905-20 May 1913
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL MAIL
Se ee ne a ee are 2 <= wes s " ie a a =
lee ae ———— | Af ss
Frei It, Avers. N28. . jen oe
Haus- u. Staatsarchiv /
Grossh. Hessisohes
preteen
8 JUNE 1905
(Free-frank) Official Mail sent from the
‘Office of the Hessian Grand Duchy State Archives’ (purple validation cachet mark)
to ‘Dr, Ruge’ at Leipzig (Province Saxony).
BICKERDIKE 1909 - 1912 DESSAU * 1 *
THE ‘BICKERDIKE’ HERETOFORE IN USE AT THE CITY OF MAGDEBURG, WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE
CITY OF DESSAU MAIN POST OFFICE SOMETIME BETWEEN 1908-1909,
where if continued operation applying origin posimarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 246mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical nag
Usage: % December 1909-30 November 1912 “
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
15 MARCH 1911
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Berlin.
3 Pfennig ...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE
1904
DUSSELDORF AUSSTELLUNG (Déisseldorf Exhibition) INTERNATIONAL MAIL
A ‘BICKERDIKE’ WAS DELIVERED TO THE MAIN POST
OFFICE AT DUSSELDORF IN 1904, Rist a (located across from the main railway station) e OG acta enene:
INITIALLY POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL FROM THE Sromars in aang
‘INTERNATIONAL ART & GARDEN EXHIBITION’ ee Sess . mower’
subsequently placed in reserve for use at peak mail Sint pm, Mi oe times, e.g. New Year's and Easter Mail. \ ae cae Seti
' poms. 2
Postmark: 27mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical wt grill along with six wavy-lines in three Groups Coan separated by two pair of vertical bars. ae Moued
Usage: 1 May —-23 October 1904
| OO Oe :
MAIL TO FRANCE Oe | Postkarte pees | Silla
id 6 JUNE 1904 ——— |
Ot ma? Viewcard “)
(with exhibition of
promotion A ii io fi fy d ah label /in red color = Be BY Oruditin../ CVi32.... ae teak. of? eg Bs the)
foreign-bound mail/ of are the art exhibition bog Paes Paes ta fairgrounds), career ue Pea pk = ad pis eae. 20.
sent to fro om
Paris, France. ret A
: D eee s
gh ye Fe MAIL TO SWEDEN ae PP od Z Z CEETA One? eee
18 JULY 1904
) Li, Viewcard Ze a, (with show-seail &
= with the fair
garden grounds),
if ee sent to
LéZ 714 Ly Ld kbar Morshyttan, 5 ———_—$# aon Sweden.
el a TL
10 Pfennig..
4 Pretoria. gS ay gi Make a Op tee
UPU International Postcard-Rate
BICKERDIKE DUSSELDORF AUSSTELLUNG (Diisseldorf Exhibition)
EXHIBITION COMMEMORATIVE VIEWCARDS
1904
DOMESTIC MAIL
2 MAY 1904
Viewcard
(‘Old Disseldorf’),
sent to
Frankfurt/Main.
5 Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-rate.
21 OCTOBER 1904
Viewcard (exhibition building of the
‘Association of Concrete
Manufacturers’),
sent to
Mahleim/ Ruhr.
1904 - 1905
BICKERDIKE DUSSELDORF * 6
Ri Ms
After postmarking out-going mail from the Past beng ‘International Art & Garden Exhibition’ in 1904, Te ~~...
THE ‘DUSSELDORF BICKERDIKE’ WAS TRANSFERED TO ae :._ ie — Ther
“OLD TOWN” POST OFFICE ‘6’ Ais Sener Coes TO POSTMARK NEW YEAR’S MAIL. a Wainad? imc $
Pkinie Gr.
Postmark: 27mm dater-dial (indicating “Disseldorf 6t”) ye Winllng, with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six Sreuatcteet
wavy-lines in three groups separated by Sreteure iim Mine hga” two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 30 December 1904-1 January 1905
NEW YEAR’S MAIL
30 DECEMBER 1904
Postal stationery card
with ‘New Year's Greetings’, sent to
Schwerin (Province Mecklenburg).
Earliest known
usage. EL .———- | —~_ Pee | ge
~1.1.05.11-0V. ah Ne Thrufstisescl COMMERCIAL MAIL
1 JANUARY 1905
Postcard, sent fo a business
in Berlin.
Latest known usage. ‘iy, yw
Gustav Stahlschmidt Agenturen
- — Six postmark DUSSELDORF. Fernsprech-Anschluss me 1514, : 7 ; examples known.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905 DUSSELDORF *1u ‘EASTER’ MAIL
AFTER POSTMARKING OUT-GOING ‘NEW YEAR’S’ MAIL
AT THE DUSSELDORF “OLD TOWN” POST OFFICE ‘6’. THE ‘BICKERDIKE’ WAS TRANSFERRED BACK TO
MAIN POST OFFICE ‘1°
(located across from the main railway station)
FOR POSTMARKING THE ‘EASTER MAIL’ OF 1905. Postmark: 27mm dater-dial (indicating “DUsseldorf *iu”)
with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two
pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 15-23 April 1905 (Nine Day Usage)
Levelezt-Lap — ak = Dopisn (a7 A 05.6 G mn
Karta ees —\} stespondencnl | lis
22 APRIL 1905
Embossed ‘Easter Greetings’ Card, sent to Bonn.
5 Piennig.. Domestic posicard-rate.
One of five postmark examples known.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1907 DUSSELDORF * 1t
THE ‘BICKERDIKE’ AT THE MAIN POST OFFICE (across from the math radway siofonj
CONTINUED OPERATION
after the ‘Easter’ Mail Petiod, WITH THE POSTMARK DATER-DIAL NOW INDICATING
“© 1 ¢" instead of “* Tu".
Postmark: 27mm dater-diat (indicating “DUsseldorf* 1 t”) with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two
pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 2 May 1905-1 January 1907
D Rasirdsseu4 3 " ESS 2}
¥ 9°
Sun jiisSeldow*
GPs
EARLIEST KNOWN USE
2 MAY 1905
Commercial posicard,
postmarked at Disseldort,
sent to
Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Arrival Postmark:
“Amsterdam, 3 May 1905”
10 Pfennig..
UPU
international
Postcard-Rate
r
Pott Weltpoftr
~ Carte posta 14 APRIL 1906 Union postale rte
Viewcard, | 2 Schriftliche Mitteilun,
Postmarked at | = Disseldort, 2 y
sent to Hamburg.
f
u r
5 Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-rate.
Jt op
ja ss
ng
BICKERDIKE 1905-1906 ELBERFELD * 1 s
A ‘Bickerdike’ was delivered to the main Elberfeld (a ey - Post Office (‘1’) in early 1905 where it was oe
alternately operational in ie * 7 POSTMARKING OUT-GOING & IN-COMING MAIL. 4 Dinsattert iiss ie
ite Conret cleorg Wings? Orme Sm
Froakivet/e, ane Postmark: 27mm dater-dial (indicating “Elberfeld* 1s”) Sawrbricten
with ‘bridge’ and vertical grill along with six —
wavy-lines in three groups separated by two ia as pair of vertical bars. a” es
Usage: Origin-Postmark: ra 26 April 1905 — 5 May 1906 wv
Arrival Postmark (Dater Dial Alone):
23 April 1905 — 3 February 1906
ORIGIN POSTMARK
26 APRIL 1905
Viewcard,
sent to Coblenz.
Arrival Postmark:
“Coblenz, 27 April 1905..”
Earliest known usage.
One of five
examples known.
JORRER mo Poftfarte /& parinkc »
POSTKARTE. WELTPOSTVEREIN CARTE-POSTALEf{-.-
UNION POSTALE UNIVERSE 26. ‘ 05 7 ‘él
Ma x
Bi eg el ,
El be rf el d.
16 7.
B
[ 32.06. 7-8. — ARRIVAL POSTMARK
3 FEBRUARY 1906
Postal stationery
card, postmarked at Berlin,
sent to Elberfeld.
Latest known usage.
One of two pee. peas pe 2 HN hE eee: sees examples known.
5 Pensa. Domestic postcard- -rate.
BICKERDIKE 1908 - 1910 ELBERFELD * 2 s
After two years of non-use , the
‘ELBERFELD 1 BICKERDIKE’ WAS TRANSFERRED TO “ELBERFELD POST OFFICE 2’ WHERE IT POSTMARKED OUT-GOING MAIL
for more than a year before being retired.
Posimark: 27mm dater-dial (indicating "Elberfeld * 2s") with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 4 December 1708-2 March 1710
MAILTO | Drucks; Hi é SWITZERLAND ‘
14 MAY 1909
Commercial
posicard, printed- matter, sent to Basel, Switzerland.
5 Pfennig.. UPU International
Printed-Matter Rate
for mail up to 50 grams.
DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE
VIEWCARD
of)
9 MARCH 1909
gh OL
em eN
ON LG
LI NA
N “H
ia HE
Viewcard,
sent to
Wiesbaden.
§ Pfennig ... Domestic
postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE
1904 - 1916
ESSEN (RUHR) “Ib COMMERCIAL MAIL
A single ‘Bickerdike’ was operational IN at the City of Essen, located in the ns 0“ A.
industrial Ruhr area, postmarking out-going mail. se ng Rennes og Benn iets Beams: afin nics
ff temo te COE Postmark: 28mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical LY csrca ) Brmentcheesy Cennes
grill along with six wavy-lines in three aa Sine “me _— groups separated by two pair of vertical bars. an Weng Orman Site
Frenbtid fad,
Seerbeschas,
Usage: 14 April1904-17 February 19716 . Ntrnbergy
igen
SN tinct
19 DECEMBER 1904 i
Postal stationery card, sent to Leutkirch. de
na li ce N o , li g
b i n
5 Pfennig... Domestic
posicard-rate
A. L. Witter ESSEN-Ruhr
Telephon-Anschluss No, 839.
An 27 JULY 1906
Printed-matter posicard, sent to
Hohscheid/Solingen.
3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed- matter rate for mail
up fo 50 grams.
PRIEDA, JANSSEN, ESSEAN (RURR}
BICKERDIKE 1904 - 1916
ESSEN (RUHR) *1b
FREE FRANK PEACETIME & FIELDPOST ‘WORLD WAR I’
SOLDIER'S MAIL
PEACETIME MAIL : ;
13 JULY 1904 Pee | le |
Correspondence ee | postcard, fee 3
sent to a comrade | 5 stationed in Berlin.
: {
al o
an yo
Ru nw
ig ,
RE-DIRECTED ‘WORLD WARP
FIELDPOST
31 AUGUST 1915 - ‘Fieldpost’ . a correspondence
reply-card set, sent to
“Captain Sommerfeld" at Oberhofen
(Province Alsace),
re-directed upon i arrival to
Potise, ; “Russian-Poland”,
at au
f de m
Un tw
or tt
ei l
, po rg ui dj re tb er .
ch un d
ge na l
Su r
de na
ve n
Be ad
hr un
g |
ne Di e
an ge bo ge ne
Ha rt
e ij
t fi
ir St e
U n t w o r t
be ft
im me
.
:
c ~~ Kolonne since the officer had Pl pO ge ete oie been transferred
Befondere Seoiationeca ed 3 to the
je in e
Hd re ff e
de x
ti fe (Blieget, Gunter miro.) Eastern Front. De r
Ub je
nd er
de r
Do pp
el fa
rt e §
BICKERDIKE 1904 - 1906 HANNOVER *1 ff
One ‘Bickerdike’ was operational at the
City of Hanover with later transfer of the machine to another German city.
Postmark: 24mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of
vertical bars.
Usage: 18 April 1904-31 December 1906
DOMESTIC POSTCARD
25 APRIL 1904
Correspondence postal stationery card,
sent to Cologne.
5 Pfennig... Domestic
Postcard-Rate
(Strobe ab Soin
arden ea
Postkarte — Cari Renae — Post oH Correspondenzkarte — Levelezo- fap Bapentice\C
* Briefkaart — Brevkort — Carjetfpostar="Ctea tho-pe 1 DOMESTIC
PRINTED-MATTER
( 311205. 958N- |
31 DECEMBER 1905
Decorative embossed
‘Jugendstil’ New Year's
Greetings Card,
sent locally.
3 Pfennig... Domestic printed-
rate for posicards
with less than fen words of text.
BICKERDIKE 1910 - 1912 HAMELN *1 e DOMESTIC POSTCARD
After 2-1/2 years’ operation,
THE ‘HANOVER BICKERDIKE’ | remained unused uniil 1910, when #
WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE CITY OF HAMELN, where it again applied postmarks
to out-going mail.
Postmark: 26mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical
grill along with six wavy-lines in three
groups separated by two pair of vertical bars fC _gStettyont
frethare tha Usage: 27 September 1910 — 31 December 1912 Whines?
Union postale universelle $8, RR Correspondenzkarte —- Lefelbzi- elas ) —- Dopisnice -
\ Korespondentni listek p< ria NaCI
pr in te d
in Gu r
31 DECEMBER 1910
Embossed ‘Zeppelin’ illustrated New Year's Greetings Card,
sent to the Town of Krickeberg.
5 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard rate.
wl Naniaeh'y,
BICKERDIKE 1910-1912 HAMELN *le PRIVATE POSTAL STATIONERY
ADVERTISING MAIL
old, % 5.50: in Kisten von 100 S wahrend wir die
_ Original-Kiste laut Abbildu ee 400 Stick Hunold fiir] i. 2
~ Porte und Verpackung tra abgeben. Diese Zigarre ist hoch-
ch und mild, so daB sie viele I zt. Garantiert nur aus
schemTabak hergestellt, Die groBe Zahl. yon lobenden An- . erkennungen liber diese belebte Marke ist der Gite.
iS preifentanel mit der Briicke im 10 Ptund-Postbeutel
Vartias-Kan ferNr.1 10Pf.-Postbe ts
Hollandisch Kanaster 10P£.-Postbeut. A 1, - aoe Nr. I OP£.-Postbeut...% 16.- Padagogen-Tabak
OPE.~Postbeut. M13,- Pastoren-Tabak 10Pf.-Postbeut. Ht, 12.-
iger-Tabak OP£-Postbeut. M11.-
Fein. leicht. Tabak Nr.1 ? 1OPf.-Postbeut. .11.-
Porto und Spesen tragen wir bei Post- beuteln in jeder Preislage,
ie 1h, Yau.ify pfo-Pabeten: v, of 15,» portofrei,
23 NOVEMBER 1911
Privately printed-to-order postal stationery card reply-card set (Tobacco & cigar advertising & order form),
sent to
Lobau (Province Saxony).
5 + 5 Pfennig... Domestic postcard rate.
Only known advertising mail privately printed postal stationery reply card set having a ‘Bickerdike’ Machine Postmark.
BICKERDIKE 1905-1916 KIEL did
One ‘Bickerdike’ was delivered to the
Kiel Post Office in April 1905.
Postmark: 25mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 10 April 1905-5 August 1916
KEEN PEACETIME DOMESTIC RON, Ze \
POSTCARD RATE VAP SG fy | 410.1) 9-10. |
24 DECEMBER 1910
‘Christmas Greetings’ view-card, sent to
Averstedt (Province Thuringia).
5 Pfennig... Domestic
postcard-rate
‘ Pofitarte
.y Nel ; £ , WARTIME N38 1G HTN | DOMESTIC POSTCARD
~ i. 3 AUGUST 1916
Correspondence postal stationery
card, sentto Essen.
7-1/2 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard- rate § Pig +
war tax surcharge of 2-1/2 Pfg.
(effective 1 August 17916).
BICKERDIKE 1905-1916 KIEL did
WORLD WAR | FREE-FRANK FIELDPOST MAIL
=
SAILOR’S MAIL
3 AUGUST 1916
View-card, sent to
Ennigerloh (Province Westphalia).
Naval fieldpost mail
was free-frank, |
if endorsed
“Marinepost” (Naval Mail).
FIELDPOST MAIL ... KIEL NAVAL BASE TO ARMY TRAINING
FACILITY AT MUNSTER-LAGER
5 AUGUST 1916
View-card (German U-Boat Fleet
at Kiel), °
sent fo the army base at Munster-
Lager.
Fieldpost mail was free-frank,
if endorsed
“Feldpost”.
Latest known application of a
‘Bickerdike’
Machine Postmark in Germany.
BICKERDIKE 1904 - 1908 KONIGSBERG b (PR)1b
One ‘Bickerdike’ was supplied to the main post office at Konigsberg
In East Prussia in April 1904. Postmark: 27mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’
& vertical grill along with six wavy-
lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 23 April 1704-6 June 1908
eo —— : . ae ee ee Se ee ee =
17 MAY 1904
Cover, sent locally.
10 Pfennig..
Single-weight (20 grams)
domestic letter-rate.
Goan’ o Unioa postale untiverselle.-- Unione postal un tives
OTKPbITOE DNChMO. “ Tarjeta Postal. —- Cartao pear
Brefkort. — Brevkort. 31 DECEMBER 1905
‘New Year's’ Greetings Card, sent to Danzig.
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic posicard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1911 BROMBERG *Ip
As a result of the effective performance the Kénigsberg Post Office had with a new
‘Sylbe’ Machine, their operational ‘BICKERDIKE’ WAS CONSIDERED
REDUNDANT AND TRANSFERRED TO THE ‘BROMBERG POST OFFICE’.
Postmark: 26mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’
& vertical grill along with six wavy- lines in three groups separated by
two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 13 June 1911 (Only Known Use Date)
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS MAIL
/ | 136.11.6-7N Ah 0 —
K * eee p
ae Joe .
L t
Ne Da wikis iy ae drart BN I No — gids. Lays hap
13 JUNE 1911
Mail sent from the Bromberg Police Administrative Office to a similar office in the City of Znin ...
advising of the domicile registration at Bromberg
of one of its (former) residents.
5 Pfennig ... Domestic Postcard-Rate
Only Known Example.
BICKERDIKE MAGDEBURG * 10
ONE ‘MAGDEBURG BICKERDIKE’, delivered early 1905,
ALTERNATELY APPLIED ORIGIN POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING & ARRIVAL POSTMARKS
TO IN-COMING MAIL.
Postmark: 27mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical -b
Usage: 20 June 1905 —11 June 1908
INNER-CITY MAIL
20 APRIL 1906
Mourning cover,
sent locally.
2 Pfennig... Local city
printed-matter up to 50 grams.
ORIGIN POSTMARKS ON OUT-GOING MAIL
K O N
e o
Dopisnice.—Union postale universgfie?
Cartolina Postale. — Post Card, — Beelkott!tt!2) Correspondenz-Karte. — Briefkaartl LevelezG-Lap, — Tarjeta Postal
Correspondance 2h et e i yt gtr
he fe of ye See a ae CAR oP ph 1
5 ‘
t yf ‘ ; # e re wer gee 7 go ee ee ee ri fa ‘ B
a se Sg
Fey
ar a aw ke i x htt ty:
Ve j /
i | wry
7 2 f aAihsarin, f , oe i f fe
/ i ope Rey Z f ll aoe, at li re ote
i
Ne
a ye:
Vis a } “Serie 865.
OTEKPBITOE TMCEMO.
ave eS
1905 - 1908
had .
Restecn ee Dencig’ Lp Masiaitiy Sebencia .
Bertin Bromtrere g * Taare
Framkives /O.
Poves
DOMESTIC POSTCARD MAIL
18 MARCH 1907
‘Easter Greetings’ Card,
sent to a
Magdeburg suburb.
5 Pfennig .. Domestic
postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1907 MAGDEBURG * 10
One ‘Bickerdike’ was operational at Magdeburg ALSO APPLYING
ARRIVAL POSTMARKS TO IN-COMING MAIL.
Postmark: 27 mm double-circle dater- dial
with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill without obliterator.
Usage: 19 April 1905-7 AUGUST 1906
ARRIVAL POSTMARKS APPLIED TO IN-COMING MAIL
7 MAY 1905
Viewcard,
postmarked at Hanover,
sent to Magdeburg.
Nea ee Wobnuna Sd x 2 ee
: Septem Bares ies i
Lad Wh oe
dinkst orb oo il 5 JULY 1906 Bi ate prrrpicye Aaifpen Hes WN eink |
“Maa ii. Acid Mail a stews if Me Mh be x, nowy d {dur Ly : | Viewcard
Via ites ee Uh wt My fy fild f , et bate ot tL d ire Z df ' \ \ oe ee
Ao ath 4 fr Me oye b Ate. ag peat A % i po marke
aes fi Ernie A vw ‘ba pthrirce yee jee area etna atte ree eee ne daceeeaaioeen 1 | Witlekindsberg
am A Pre chen en fei ap de aadart “ ll : (Porta),
ede yy A } \ ; | Picts ‘ Pbvntedn rie Ud Hep Ags | sent to
: x Se eed dod, gdh A yee a dn ZL \ Magdeburg.
eee ‘7, Baas esther -, ' hy 4g ps : a Vainbebae d : iA Cui idisy. ee eee eH mre aman ence mee ;
wel
eg vy ts Co Ni) re) no foe hit 4. {
lee: ? Nd % ) Q A , |
: fale ot Me ee ab he @ Pree cole !
5 Pfennig.. Domestic postcard-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1909 - 1912 DESSAU * 1 *
THE ‘BICKERDIKE’ HERETOFORE IN USE AT THE CITY OF MAGDEBURG, WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE
CITY OF DESSAU MAIN POST OFFICE
SOMETIME BETWEEN 1908-1909, where if continued operation applying origin
postmarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 26mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical
grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical nag
Usage: 9% December 1909-30 November 1912 “
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
15 MARCH 1911
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Berlin.
3 Pfennig ...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
BICKERDIKE 1909 - 1912 DESSAU * 1 * DOMESTIC COVER RATES
23 JANUARY 1910
So-called “Lady's Cover”,
sent to Charlottenburg (Berlin).
10 Pfennig.. Domestic
single-weight (20 grams)
letter-rate.
23 FEBRUARY 19710
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent locally.
5 Pfennig ... Local inner-city single-weight (20 grams) letter-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905-1915 MAINZ * 3 *
One ‘Bickerdike’ was delivered to the
Mainz Post Office In early 1905 for the purpose of postmarking out-going mail.
Postmark: 25mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 30 April 1704=10 November 1915
S ALY NN
FOREIGN-BOUND
adel ; 4K | “Q1N0S.°WN |
9 OCTOBER 1905 Ss a , NidenapeicLs Arex ty
worm Rail, Weeden See ee
Villefranche-sur-Sarone, ;
France. 3
10 Pfennig... SA UPU International x Postcard-Rate. § oe
ae BS VP 14 Ce
Carte Postale |
Cartolina Postaleg--Levelgg
Dopisnice — Brefkort — Briefkaag,
=. OTKPBITOE TMC
' Tarjeta postal. — Cartal We 4 DOMESTIC MAIL
Unio postale watemelac S 14 APRIL 1906
ce Embossed ae ‘Easter Greetings’
Card,
sent to Eisenberg, (Province Saxony).
5 Piennig .. Sg Domestic
posicard-rate.
BICKERDIKE STETTIN *1k
1904 - 1909
DOMESTIC MAIL USAGE
One ‘Bickerdike’ became operational
At the Stettin Main Post Office in April 1904 for postmarking out-going mail. Postmark: 24mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’
& vertical grill along with six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 25 April 1904-1 July 1909
pa et ee,
Drucksache!
seb beboteb bbb eh et
PRINTED-MATTER MAIL
23 JULY 1908
Cover, advertising enclosure,
sent to the military construction office
located in the City of Hanover.
3 Pfennig.. Printed-matter rate for
mail up to 50 grams.
Herrn Vizewachtmeister 0. Giesele
(Ome Zum Militarbauamt
|
BUSINESS PURCHASE ORDER REPLY FORM
10 AUGUST 1904
Franked, business return postcard, sent to a chemical laboratory in Regensburg.
me = et ee
5 Pfennig.. ih ache - = pr ell ah Domestic postcard-rate
BICKERDIKE STETTIN *1k
MAIL TO THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA... RETURNED TO SENDER
16 JUNE 1904
View-card, sent to East
Orange, New Jersey.
Found not deliverable with cachet handstamp
“Not in City Directory”, directed to
‘Dead Letter Office’ (until 10 August 1704),
subsequently returned to Stettin.
9-day original transit time.
Original Anival Postmark: > (Reverse)
“New York, N.Y., June 25, 1904, Paid Ail”
10 Pfennig.. UPU International
Postcard-Rate
1904 - 1909
FOREIGN-BOUND POSTCARD-RATE USAGE
MAIL TO TRIEST
AUSTRIA
17 JULY 1904
View-card, sent to Trieste.
2-day transit time.
Arrival Postmark:
“Trieste 1,
19 July 1904..”
5 Pfennig.. German domestic
postcard-rate valid for mail to Austria.
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1914
WURTTEMBERG POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
\ NS Stuttgart Set.
Scams atten omuniicang
Hannaree Bestia Sreeheras - oe * Taare
Bemuaschwe ig Frambiyer /O.
ame — ee alesbirg ies Baden-Baden Boot nines nina? Dreeacy_ SHH
Ch .%
Fopabtert/ i.
brichen
Mirnberg,
, aSletigart Teuburg
Wangen im Aligau oes ee om mea Mineken’
E. Enes
Upon unification of Germany in 1872 and establishment of the ‘Reichspost'’,
the ‘State of Wirttemberg’ remained autonomous along with its postal administration, albeit having a similar rate
structure to that of the Reichspost.
The ‘Warttemberg Postal Administration’ acquired one Bickerdike Postmarking Machine in 1903 commencing operation at the
main Stuttgart Post Office.
In 1909, the machine was transferred to Wangen im Allgau where it applied postmarks to out-going mail between
30-31 December 1909. After dormancy for four years, the machine was transferred to Baden-Baden in 1913 where it
remained in operation until July 1914.
8 ED
{ 18.3:18.9-0N }
REY, ee ee de ee re ee i tet oe a ee ee
Sn 5 wa ae aes aa <a Se een os ees Ste ane. Fa a Meee noe sg eS le se ae a eee
IMPORT Fu
‘Baden-Baden’ Flag Postmark Use 1912-1913 Viewcard to Nancy, France
BICKERDIKE WURTTEMBERG POSTAL ADMINISTRATION STUTTGART POSTAMT Nr. 1
The ‘Postal Administration of Wartemberg’ acquired one ‘Bickerdike’ Machine with service at the cities of Stuttgart,
Baden-Baden and Wangen.
FIRST MACHINE OPERATION WAS AT STUTTGART IN 1903.
Postmark: 27mm diameter dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill lines along with an eight horizonial-line 60mm obiliterator.
Usage: 8 June 1703-31 December 1907
8 JUNE 1903
Local city postal stationery
card.
2 Pfennig.. Local-city
postcard-rate
First Day of Usage & Only Known
Example.
23 OCTOBER 1903
Commercial advertising (on reverse)
cover,
sent to
Ebingen.
10 Pfennig.. Domestic
single-weight letter-rate
BICKERDIKE 1903 - 1908 WURTTEMBERG POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
STUTTGART POSTAMT Nr. 1
Along with postmarking outgoing-mail at Stutigart, prepaid ‘FRANCO’ Postmarks
were also applied to bulk advertising mail.
Postmark: 28mm diameter dater-dial with ‘bridge’ along with an eight horizontal-line 60mm obliterator.
Usage: 19 September 1903 - 20 March 1908
PREPAID ‘FRANCO 2 PF
14 FEBRUARY 1907
Advertising cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent locally.
Delivery/Carrier Postmark: (Reverse)
“Stuttgart No. 1,14 November B3 (6)”
2 Pfennig.. Bulk local-city printed-matter rate for mail weighing up to 50 grams.
One of Six Examples Known.
BICKERDIKE 1912 - 1913 WURTTEMBERG POSTAL ADMINISTRATION BADEN BADEN *1* ...
Postmark Type |!
IN 1912, THE BICKERDIKE MACHINE, used only briefly at the post office at Wangen,
WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE ‘BADEN-BADEN’ POST OFFICE where it applied a ‘flag’ postmark to out-going mail .. similar
postmarks as those applied at post offices of the ‘Reichspost’.
Postmark: 28mm diameter dater-dial with ‘bridge’ along with ‘flag’ obliterator having a crown, banner with tassels & postal hom.
Usage: 23 December 1912 = 24 March 1913
LOCAL USAGE
31 DECEMBER 1912
‘New Year's’
Greeting Card sent as printed- matter locally.
3 Pfennig.. Domestic
printed-matter
rate for mail up to
50 grams.
Short 8-day 1912 usage.
ry) he Ce ee
FOREIGN DESTINATION MAIL
24 MARCH 1913
Viewcard, sent to
Copenhagen, Denmark.
10 Pfennig..
UPU International
Posicard-Rate
Latest Known
Usage.
Baden-Baden
vom Fremersberg gesehen,
BICKERDIKE ese WURTTEMBERG POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
K. POSTAMT WANGEN IM ALGAU
In 1909, the heretofore ‘BICKERDIKE’ Machine operational at Stuttgart WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE TOWN OF WANGEN
for apparent occasional operation until 1913
POSTCARD USE
30 DECEMBER 1909
‘New Year's’ Greeting Card
sent to
Mansingen.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
postcard-rate
Earliest Known
Usage.
Postmark: 28mm diameter dater-dial with ‘bridge’ along with
an eight horizontal-line 60mm obliterator.
Usage: 30831 December 1909, 10 October 1910, 7 February 1913
COVER USE A ee OT RR SA Ear
“AS a: nese
ie Flag Letter mail, sent to
bak on AA ‘ATA, sialeaticie 10 Pfennig..
Domestic
S : j single-weight Yy i. : P od letter-rate. #N :
31 DECEMBER 1909
pt y
ay n
e ee
Two of Five Examples Known
BICKERDIKE 1913 - 1914 WURTTEMBERG POSTAL ADMINISTRATION BADEN-BADEN *1* ...
Postmark Type Ii
IN 1913, THE ‘BADEN-BADEN ‘BICKERDIKE’ MACHINE’ HAD ITS POSTMARK OBLITERATOR ALTERED
TO AN 8-LINE TYPE HERETOFORE USED AT STUTTGART until the end of 1906.
Postmark: 28mm diameter dater-dial with ‘bridge’ along with an eight horizontal-line 50mm obliterator.
Usage: & May 1913-18 July 1914
Postké T os sale POSTCARD USAGE : Scan tc Vv (8.13.5 3-4N °
19 AUGUST 1913 :
Viewcard, * sent to Berlin. a
5 Pfennig.. = Domestic
posicard-rate
COVER USAGE
22 JUNE 1913
Cover, sent to
Charlottenburg (Berlin).
10 Pfennig..
Domestic
single-weight ietter-rate.
BICKERDIKE 1905-1912
BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
Kiet .)
ui - lf Maniatis, Ndrnberg (Nuremberg) Paes Dvacig Orene. on ltin .
Hannorer Bertin Bromwergs S 7 = * Taare
eo Bravarchee Frenttert /O-
. . ‘eel hen os
Midnchen (Munich) ae nea Seat. Serta ce Chrewait.” e.
Seerbriches
Nir, wa,
oSletigar
Oberammergau eS
Upon unification of Germany in 1872 and subsequent establishment of the ‘Reichspost'. The ‘State of Bavaria’ remained autonomous along
with its postal administration, albeit having a similar rate structure to that of the Reichspost.
The Bavarian Postal Administration acquired two Bickerdike Postmarking Machines .. one in 1905 and a second in 1906.
The first of the two ‘Bickerdikes’ was placed in operation at the Munich Post Office to apply origin postmarks to out-going mail
with later servicing such mail in 1908, 1910 & 1912 at special Bavarian-sponsored exhibitions.
A second ‘Bickerdike’ was placed in operation at Bavaria's second largest city, Ndrnberg, initially postmarking
out-going mail at the ‘1906 Bavarian State Exhibition’ with transfer to the Town of Oberammergau in 1910
for postmarking out-going mail sent during the 1910 ‘Passion Play’ Event.
ir Nod. Natarw, Verein Jona in € ¥ 1905-1907 z. H. des Herrn stud. med. W. Gaudin
Jena Johannisplatz 21.
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1907 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION MUNCHEN 2 B.P. (Munich)
Machine ‘1’...
Postmark Type 1
THE BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION ACQUIRED TWO BICKERDIKE POSTMARKING MACHINES ...
one in 1905 and a second in 1906.
The first machine was in service al
‘Munich Post Office 2’
while the second was for service at Nuremberg.
Both applied postmarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 27mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical
grill and obliterator having six wavy-lines in three groups
separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 18 February 1905 - 2 September 1907
Postkarte — Carte postale Weltpostverein — Union ale wee atta:
_ Correspondenz- Karte. , eo etenie. 27 Gee Levelezé-Lap — Kopesponde fiste Dopisnica — Karta W
25 MARCH 1905 Brlcfcanck x Camaind
Brevkort — bio Phstaler
4 a et HOE
eee cee aca ™
Photo-card, sent to a passenger aboard a vessel
expected to dock at Port Said, Egypt.
Arrival Postmark:
“Port Said,
2 April 1905” Se rl e
Fi de
le
Ju ge nd
No .
51 8
10 Pfennig...
a international
osicard-Raie
4 APRIL 1905
Mourning cover,
sent to a Catholic
Priest in Rome, Haly.
Anival Postmark: {reverse}
“Rome, 5 April 1905"
20 Pfennig... (2x 10 Pfennig}
UPU international
Single-Weight
Letier-Rate
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1907 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION MUNCHEN 2 B.P. (Munich)
Machine ‘1’...
Postmark Type 1
POSTCARD RATES
UPU INTERNATIONAL POSTCARD-RATE
10 Pfennig
Postkarte tale — t Card Carte ‘pos , ~..Pos es
DOMESTIC re x, 7 A wot ; nA on ra if y f
POSTCARD-RATE x a vw nla a Ls we HEM. ee
5 Pfennig
DOMESTIC
PRINTED-MATTER RATE
3 Pfennig
LOCAL-CITY POSTCARD-RATE
2 Pfennig
Wohmung .----- ed (Strage und Hausianmimer}
06
BICKERDIKE 1905 - 1907 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION MUNCHEN 1 B.P. (Munich)
Machine ‘1’...
Postmark Type II
IN 1907, BICKERDIKE MACHINE ‘1’,
HERETOFORE OPERATIONAL AT ‘MUNICH POST OFFICE ‘2’, WAS TRANSFERED TO
‘MUNICH POST OFFICE ‘1’
WHERE IT CONTINUED TO APPLY POSTMARKS TO OUT-GOING MAIL
Postmark: 27mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill and obliterator having six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two
pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 30 December 1907 - 1 December 1908
13 NOVEMBER 1908
Cover, commercial printed-matter enclosure,
sent to Engen.
3 Pfennig... Domestic printed-matter rate for
mail up to 50 grams.
One of less than five examples known.
Ausstellung Mdnchen 1908 (Munich Exhibition of 1908)
in an effort to finance the ‘Munich Exposition of 1908’, the State of Bavaria authorized a Lottery in 1907 with
the main prize at RM 50,000.00.
The exposition took place between May-October with the lottery drawing on 30-31 October 1908.
DA. WILO'RCHE BUGKORUGKEAET (@E0R. PARCUS) MONCHEN,
Dieser Absdinitt darf weder verletzt noch abgetrennt werden,
TELLUNG MUNCHEN 1908
BICKERDIKE BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
“ AUSSTELLUNG MUNCHEN 1908” (Munich Exhibition of 1908) Machine ‘1’...
Postmark Type Ill
1908
IN 1908, ‘MUNICH POST OFFICE ‘1’ BICKERDIKE’ WAS TEMPORARILY PLACED AT THE ‘MUNICH EXHIBITION OF 1908’ FOR APPLYING SPECIAL COMMEMORATIVE POSTMARKS TO
OUT-GOING FAIR MAIL.
The ‘Munich Exhibition of 1908’ displayed exhibits involving
applied arts, handicrafts, industry, trade, public institutions & sports.
Postmark: Three-line Dater along with a unique design logo as obliterator.
Usage: 16 May— 19 October 1908
Kionigreidy Bayern
| | AUSSTELLUNG ~— 3 i FOREIGN- aoe a BOUND MAIL Poftfarte | (22V.4-5N.. | } a
a M@NCHEN1908. :
10 Pfennig SasannannnIeS anbeaiaiiiaditamtnnas eam cas Cr ee ae
Honigretd) Bayern ere | . Sa ee GUSSTELLUNG
MuNCHENTOO8 DOMESTIC POSTCARD-
RATE
5 Pfennig
BICKERDIKE 1910 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
“AUSSTELLUNG MUNCHEN 1910” (Munich Exhibition of 1910)
Machine ‘Tl’.
Postmark _ IV
THE BICKERDIKE MACHINE, heretofore in service at ‘Munich Post Office ‘1’ and
Temporarily operational at the ‘Munich Exhibition of 1908’,
WAS IDLED IN 1909 BUT AGAIN ACTIVATED IN 1910 FOR
POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL AT THE
‘ISLAMIC EXHIBITION’.
Postmark: Three-line Dater along with a unique design fair logo as an obliterator.
Usage: 14May-1? October 1710
POSPRAR'PELUNG TOG.
Mur cHeEnig91é
: : = Herrn Carl Lo ¢ we, : ee ee GESCHAFTSSTELLE THERESIENHOHE 4a
TEL. 13100 UND 13105
Piens burs Sas es abeaewuvaWkSsimewbuke mae ctMnredJeoeapeineyees ceil in it tenet a .
Rathaus ‘str ‘Asa Le AMARA AE Casa aA SNC SRN ER AAG ag ONY KRM KEL SACHA RAS AREER NWT MNP CER NMEA MCRT EG Se a ene ee ERY AEN AANA A RRC SR ASAARAT SS FER NA Vallee RVR RWS EATS CONTRO LLTE TER cL ao cones
7 SEPTEMBER 1910
Decorative exhibition postcard,
sent from the
exhibition administrative office
to Flensburg.
5 Pfennig Domestic postcard-rate
Gewerbeschau Mdnchen 1912 (Munich Trade Show of 1912)
The ‘Bickerdike’ Postmarking Machine,
which had been servicing mail at ‘Munich Post Office ‘1’ and at the
‘Munich Exhibitions of 1908 & 1910’, idled in 1911, again serviced mail in 1912 at the
‘Munich Trade Show of 1712’. (18 May — 10 October 1912).
~ FERDINAND SPIEGEL
OFFICIAL POSTCARD & ADVERTISING LABEL FOR THE ‘MUNICH TRADE SHOW OF 1912’
1912 BICKERDIKE BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION “GEWERBESCHAU MUNCHEN 1912”
{Munich Trade Show of 1912) Machine ‘7’... Postmark Type V
THE BICKERDIKE MACHINE,
Heretofore in service at ‘Munich Post Office ‘1’ as well as
‘Munich Exhibitions of 1908 & 1910’,
WAS IDLED IN 1911 BUT AGAIN ACTIVATED IN 1912 FOR
POSTMARKING OUT-GOING MAIL AT THE
‘MUNICH TRADE SHOW’.
After usage at the latter show,
the ‘Bickerdike’ was deactivated. Postmark: Three-line Dater along with a unique design fair
logo as obliterator.
18 May — 10 October 1912 Usage:
28 JULY 1912
\ MUNCHEN 1912
Privately-printed Decorative ee
commemorative
exhibition postcard, sent to a town Jory
in the Oberlausitz if , “~f District. th ted fy i ihe pe ae aly fhee OV ff OF
= = ——_ | = Zz | : = | r
| * re 2)
\ GEWERBESCHA oo pe MO) Oui a. * ~ ¥CO) CMBNCHEN
‘ Le Cy oe #9 fi SB a Mote Dh t - aa
% sy ee { EE PI Sra a eae 93 AUGUST 1912
SY , SA tere dl cteter A Munich Mere Meo ler PMT Can) ke le puree Gear alp ares fa triage pee arstilacetrclaee lata aSyraee ea age CUR Alsen plane Wolke eee Bieter ae rt sess A
Rs ; Viewcard, r = Py ec senttoa
\. / c vy, Ke 3 p. i | medical clinic if 4 at ; Levu at FEC CLOG at
) 4 Zi Berlin- fee Py Pe ls wp Reinickendort.
2 VALEHEE Ee #guwarell- Serie Munchen, No, 22.
5 Pfennig ...
Domestic postcard-rate
BICKERDIKE 1906 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION “NURNBERG AUSSTELLUNG” (Nuremberg Exhibition of 1906)
Machine ‘2’. Postmark Type |
A- SECOND ‘BICKERDIKE’, acquired by the Bavarian Postal Administration, was
sent to the ‘Nuremberg Post Office’ FOR SERVICING OUT-GOING MAIL AT THE
‘NUREMBERG EXHIBITION OF 1906’.
Postmark: 28mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical (?-line) grill along with a horizontal seven-line 38mm obliterator.
Usage: 1 May -30 October 1904
BAVARIAN CENTURY-COMMEMORATION EXHIBITION POSTCARDS
Ne '( q2 04
'9 )
Fe pz
aa rs
un y s a s s y
“ B k
4
Ria set eae ye a
8 Ce chPecad act Mec te fe
eit ia Nt ane [ Lt pete = Koray | buyer ies ‘f wi ENGERGS Soe rye : ; eae : oil ae , Kae pe aoe viene seein ag og ite ag ec yee Meagan
6 & 20 AUGUST 1906
Official exhibition commemorative postcards, sent to addressees
at Frankfurt (Main) & Augsburg.
5 Pfennig ... Domestic postcard-rate
- BICKERDIKE 1906 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION
“NURNBERG AUSSTELLUNG” (Nuremberg Exhibition of 1906)
Machine ‘2’...
Postmark Type |
Posimark: 28mm dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical (9-line) grill along with a horizontal seven-line 38mm obliterator.
Usage: 1 May -30 October 1906
PRIVATELY-PRINTED BAVARIA-CENTURY-COMMEMORATION EXHIBITION POSTAL STATIONERY CARDS
LubWi¢ it
DOMESTIC
PRINTED-MATTER
Centenar: feier.
3 Pfennig |
DOMESTIC POSTCARD-RATE
5 Pfennig An ,
a aa Re Fiat
BICKERDIKE 1906 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION NURNBERG 2 B.P.
Machine ‘2’...
Postmark Type II
ALTHOUGH THE SECOND BAVARIAN ‘BICKERDIKE’ COMMENCED SERVICING OUT-GOING MAIL AT THE “NUREMBERG EXHIBITION OF 1906’,
BETWEEN JUNE AND AUGUST IT ALSO POSTMARKED NON-EXHIBITION MAIL.
Postmark: 28mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & vertical grill and obliterator having six wavy-lines in three groups separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 4 June -— 22 August 1906
Postkarte — Carte postale;' Weltpostverein — Union postale | ier
Correspondenz-Karte — DopisAtts Piask
Levelez6- Lap — Korespondengn
9 JULY 1906 Dopisnica — Karta korespondencyjna a (5 yoo Briefkaart — Cartolina Postale —'Brefkort ote f
. Brevkort — Tarjeta Postal — posers ceil NWlectefLs
UPU-Design OTKPbITOE eee ee BI ce Greeting’s Card, be
sent locally.
2 Pfennig... Local city
posicard-rate.
Bayern — Baviere
Y 0 arte ie AES
Weltpoftrerci n |
Carte’ postale SCT 11 JUNE 1 Union postale soho me pitti JU 906
View-card,
sent fo Munich.
| ¢ Arrival Postmark
| e.. “Miinchen 10,
| Z 11 June (1906)"
| : 5 Pfennig... Domestic
posicard-rate
Ba? Het WG a BA He BO ee Pwd - 1 7UO
BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION NURNBERG 2 B.P.
Machine ‘2’. Postmark Type III
After servicing mail at the ‘Nuremberg Exhibition of 1906’ and a brief interim-period at the ‘2 B.P.’ Post Office, the second
Bavarian ‘Bickerdike’ again serviced mail at the ‘Nimberg 2 B.P.’ Post Office
NOW WITH A NEW POSTMARK OBLITERATOR.
Postmark: 28mm double-circle dater-dial with ‘bridge’ & (9-line) vertical grill along with a seven horizontal-line 38mm obliterator.
Usage: 4 December 1906 - 27 December 1908
FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
26 JANUARY 1907
Cover, sent fo New York ..
with franking in
opposite corners resulting in the cover being passed twice
through the positmarking machine.
20 Pfennig...
UPU Intemational Single-Weight Letter-Rate
ai #2 Uy psp er be Gi
te — Carte’ postale oe — Union postale universelle
Raum fir Mitte eer
ap ih Reece f
| b . ee NY
atl Jao in + Met ‘y ? pons Hi ante fh oh dant aut 7 &
ey | : v
23 JUNE 1907 Wp } Aare} Cr: ft Ai Abe q Be o-
:
|
View-card,
sent to Berlin. wf Hf
ome nh Domestic
La (i postcard-rate.
prin LMA. Lite :
f E
Oberammergau Passionsspiele 1910 (Oberammergau Passion Play of 1910)
A ‘Bickerdike’ Postmarking Machine which had been servicing mail at the
‘Niremberg Post Office ‘2’ (1906-08) and at the
‘Nuremberg Exhibition of 1906’, idled in 1909, again serviced mail in 1910 for the
‘Oberammergau Passion Play of 1910’ (5 June - 26 September 1910).
eee] ¢ es
: z
nee
pass oS em ee
Se
lista oe eis
i
Partie nus OBERAOM tins Geore Lane Seu. Brocn
ILLUSTRATION OF THE IMPERIAL POST OFFICE AT OBERAMMERGAU, BAVARIA.
BICKERDIKE 1910 BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION “OBERAMMERGAU PASSIONSSPIELE 1910” (Oberammergau Passion Play of 1910)
Machine ‘2’... Postmark Type IV
After its service at Nuremberg, THE SECOND BAVARIAN ‘BICKERDIKE’
was idled in 1909 and TRANSFERRED TO ‘OBERAMMERGAU’ FOR SERVICING MAIL
DURING THE ‘PASSION PLAY’ EVENT IN 1910. Postmark: Three-line dater along with a unique design obliterator.
Usage: 5 May -—2é6 September 1910
IBERAMMERGAU 4.€ 103-4N.
FOSSIONSSE ELE
r a
A AUGUST 1910
View-card,
sent to
Salem,
New York,
USA.
ke
10 Pfennig... UPU
International
Postcard-Rate.
sé li
nc ol
or ka
rt s
vo n
Ot tm
ar
Bi eh er ,
Ma no sh en .
Passionsspicl-Bahne mit dem Chor der :
ae Schutzeeister.
10 SEPTEMBER 1910
1 Greg OBERAMMERGAU [5 ae 10.9.109100 |
View-card, sent
to
Matisee,
(Salzburg), Austria
5 Pfennig...
Domestic
posicard-rate valid for mail to
Austria.
-AX I TIAARIA COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
HAMBURG ’11’... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type la
Soon after the introduction of the ‘Bickerdike’ into the pastes system in 1901, the
‘COLUI si A POSTAL SUPPLY COMPANY’ OF
SILVER CREEk K, i N YORK A, SUBN
¥ ITTED
I ial : VP “TITICAI ACH NEC IN CO; RibbiN iN,
which, ame the mee few years, became one of seven machine versions tested ; rf ll
by the Reichsposf. ff canatitent
a pe! ae
‘Machine 1’ was located at the Hamburg ‘11’ (Schaarsteinweg 10) Post Office and applied origin
postmarks mainly to bulk out-going lottery-advertising mail.
"wise with a an 7- line obliterator.
Usage: 23 May 1901 -8 December 1903
3 JUNE 1901
Cover, printed- matter lottery-advertising enclosure, postmarked at Hamburg, sent to ‘Elten’ with re-direction to Merseburg..
3 Pfg...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA | 1901 - 1905
HAMBURG ’1’ ... Machine ‘17’ Postmark Type Ib
Although ‘Columbia Machine 1° was initially located at the Hamburg ‘11’ Post Office,
IT WAS TRANSFERRED BETWEEN THE LATTER AND HAMBURG ‘1’ POST OFFICE
(Main Train Station/Minzstrasse 1) SEVERAL TIMES BETWEEN 1901-1905
with the ‘1’ in the dial placed on right or lefi side.
Postmark: 22mm dater dial WITH ‘1’ at the bottom
(left, right or center) along with a 62mm 7-line obliterator.
Usage: 8 October 1901-24 November 1905
26 NOVEMBER 1901
Cover, printed-matter lottery-advertising enclosure, posimarked at Hamburg, sent to Reichenbach, Province Saxony.
Position of the ‘1’ in dial is on the left-side.
3 Pfg... Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’ ... Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type la
A SECOND ‘COLUMBIA’ WAS TESTED BY THE REICHSPOST AT THE CENTRAL BERLIN
POST OFFICE.
For that machine a narrow version of the heretofore ‘Bickerdike-style’ postal flag
postmark obliterator was utilized
Postmark: 22mm dater dial WITH '2’ at the bottom, an ‘
A’ ADJACENTTO THE DIAL RIM with a narrow flag (having crown, banner HAVING WIDE TASSELS and post horn) obliterator.
Usage: 14 October 1901 -7 August 1903
fe |
ie s oe ee
UG44 La
Py wo 2 oe ct
& yo Cpe eee
ae (oe i
26 OCTOBER 1901
Cover, printed-matter lottery-advertising enclosure,
postmarked at Berlin, sent to Magdeburg.
3 Pig...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’... Machine ‘2’ Postmark Type la
2 PFENNIG WITH PERFIN.. INNER-CITY COMMERCIAL
PRINTED-MATTER RATE
6 NOVEMBER 1901
Unsealed cover, inner-city advertising mail with enclosure,
with franking having Perfin ‘BLA’ = “Berliner Lotierie Ausgabe”
(= Lottery Sales Office in Berlin).
2 Pig... inner-city printed-matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’... Machine ‘2’ Postmark Type Ia
3 PFENNIG.. LONG-DISTANCE DOMESTIC
ADVERTISING-COVER .. PRINTED-MATTER RATE
< : ! ee
- ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRICITATS-GEBBLLSCHY 2 ; a pan one io
( g-5 8)
| \ 1602 7 Em ; tee LS :
é *
BELT a
4
17 APRIL 1902
Advertising cover, inner-city advertising cover {“Nernst-Lampe" = Nernst Lightbulbs),
postmarked at Berlin, sent to Bayreuth.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Bayreuth, é s a ae
18 April (1902)” ps Bo ea ws \
3 Pfg... Domestic long-distance printed-matter rate
for mail up to 50 grams.
Reverse
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’ ... Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type la
LOTTERY - ADVERTISING MAIL 1902 & 1903
23 DECEMBER 1902
Lottery mail cover,
sent to —
Woyens (Province Silesia).
se
22 APRIL 1903
Lottery mail
cover, sent
to Dresden (Province Saxony).
ities:
3 Pig... Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’ ... Machine ‘2’ Postmark Type la
INCOME-TAX-OFFICE OFFICIAL MAIL
13 FEBRUARY 1902
Berlin
Income-Tax-Office
official
free-frank cover,
sent to a local
tax auditor
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’ ... Machine ‘2’
Postmark Type Ib
Since the heretofore postmark-die was worn,
A NEW, SLIGHTLY MODIFIED, DIE REPLACED THE FORMER IN SEPTEMBER 1903.
Although similar in design as the former die, several changes are found in the dater dial along with narrower tassels in the flag obliterator.
Postmark: 22mm dater dial with ’2’ at the bottom, an ‘A’ SEPERATED
FROM THE DIAL RIM, ‘L.. I’ OF BERLIN WITH A SPACE IN-BETWEEN, and with a narrow flag (having crown, banner with NARROW END TASSELS and post horn) obliterator,
Usage: 10September 1703-4 March 1905
xo a
—3 I
eve
of
30 OCTOBER 1903
inner-city printed- matter lottery-advertising mail.
2 Pig...
inner-city printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1901 - 1903
BERLIN C. ‘2A’... Machine ‘2’ Postmark Type Ib
1904 & 1905 PRINTED-MATTER
3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams
COLUMBIA 1903 - 1904
BERLIN C. *2* ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type |
Concurrent with testing of Columbia Machines ‘1’ (Hamburg 1) & ‘2’ (Berlin C2), A NEWER VERSION OF A COLUMBIA was submitted
to the postal authorities for testing initially at Berlin's main post office. Postmark: 22mm dater dial WITH ‘2’ near the bottom along with an
obliterator of THREE GROUPS OF SIX WAVY LINES SEPARATED BY TWO PAIR OF VERTICAL BARS.
Usage: 18 September 1703-3 April 1704
a a = = = = — - eee . —— go — ; : rit : = :
30 SEPTEMBER 1903
inverted lottery-mail advertising cover,
sent to Frankfurt/Main.
3 Pfennig .. Domestic printed-matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1905 - 1908
LEIPZIG *13b ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type I!
After less than one year trial operation at Berlin, COLUMBIA MACHINE ‘3’ WAS TRANSFERRED
TO THE CITY OF LEIPZIG for additional testing maintaining
a postmark similar to that used at Berlin. Postmark: 22mm dater dial indicating LEIPZIG “136 along
with an obliterater consisting of THREE GROUPS OF SIX WAVY LINES SEPARATED
BY TWO PAIR OF VERTICAL BARS.
Usage: 13 March 1905-31 December 1908
15 MARCH 1905
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Vienna, Austria
3 Pfennig... Domestic printed-matter rate valid for
Austrian-bound mail up to 50 grams.
Earliest recorded date.
COLUMBIA 1905 - 1908
LEIPZIG *13b ... Machine ‘3’
3 JULY 1906
inner-city
letter-cover
mail.
5 Pfennig..
inner-city letter-rate
for mail up to 20 grams
Postmark Type I
1906 & 1907 USAGE
cl Se RR ae
Lh
1 FEBRUARY 1907
Cover, printed matter mail
enclosure,
sent to
Friedrichroda,
(Province Thuringia).
3 Pfennig.. Domestic
printed- matter
rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA
HAMBURG *** ...
Machine ‘4'
A NEW VERSION 'COLUMBIA’ POSTMARKING MACHINE (4th)
was tested by the Reichspost at the main Hamburg city post office commencing 23 April 1906.
A patriotic ‘flag’ postmark was engraved..
possibly in the United States of America.
in the center. Usage: 23 April 1906-9 January 1907
SEE <2 ae ee re Seer eee ae = ee Se = f=
23 APRIL 1906
Viewcard, é sent to a Lubeck. j
Arrival a Postmark: 2 ekg “Libeck, :
24 April 1906” :
Earliest i : Reported | ae Usage Date. f
Exp. Oechsner -
9 JANUARY 1907
Postal / stationery card,
a eee Reae ava ieeeeseupae iar ieaenpeetia wine SC fszt pe incthre wy ia pa stenoses sptherhssadssesscatatee sent to Mame.
Arrival Postmark “Marne.
9 January 1907"
Wohnung # ln}
(Ewafe und Gaudrammoer)
Latest Reported
Usage Date.
5 Pfennig ... Domestic postcard-rate
COLUMBIA 1906 - 1907
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘4’
MOST MAIL HANDLED BY THIS COLUMBIA VERSION INVOLVED THE POSTMARKING OF POSTCARDS AND NOT COVERS.
It is known that both small and large-size covers could be processed by Columbia ‘4’ Machine.
10MAY 1906
Cover,
printed-matier enclosure, i
sentto Elberfeld, —
Smallest cover ; size rs
(118 x 59mm) known. bi
12 MAY 1906
Cover, printed-
matter
enclosure, sent
to Leipzig
Largest cover
size (155 x124mm)
known.
3 Pfennig ...
Domestic printed-matter for mail up to 50 grams.
COLUMBIA 1906 - 1907
HAMBURG *** ... FREE-FRANK SOLDIER’S MAIL
Machine ‘4’
‘Soldiers Mail’ was free for postcards & letters up to 60 grams as long as mail
was endorsed...
“Soldatenbrief. Eigene Angelegenheif des Empfangers™ (Soldier's Mail. Personal Matters for the Recipient)
: ee " / Lis te . x J toe
5 MAY 1906 a rit 2 fiir brie fiche 1 “Mitte ages :
| UPU nur im inneren oy ert Meinl
Viewcard, bo ee dns nok are sent to Stolp
(Province a wb so
Pommerania).
Arrival
Postmark:
“Stolp, 6 May, 19706”
am bu rg Vi le
Nr
e
Fa it
es
i ce
pe e
29 MAY 1906
UPU Viewcard,
oP! sent to laN. Grossenhain ik . (Province
a xe Saxony).
5 & : i Arrival
ee Postmark: Ee = “Grossenhein, | . 0 30 May 1906” oe x
COLUMBIA 1906 - 1907
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘4’
MAILTO MEXICO
13 MAY 1906
Viewcard, sent
‘via New York’ to
Mexico City. 16 Day Transit time.
Arrival Postmark: “_.Mexico City, 29 May 1906..”
10 Pfennig ... UPU Intemational
Postcard Rate
FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL TO THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT
e g
a
Verlag Gebr. [sracl, Hamburg : ‘
MAILTO USA
2 JULY 1906
Cover, sent to Milwaukee,
Wisconsin.
9 Day Transit Time.
Arrival
Postmark: (Reverse)
“Milwaukee,
Wisconsin,
11 July 1906..”
20 Pfennig .. UPU Single-
Weight
(20 grams)
international
Letter-Rate.
COLUMBIA 1906 - 1907
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘d’
OTHER FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
MAILTO SWITZERLAND
25 APRIL 1906 |
Viewcard, sent to Kilchberg (Zurich),
Switzerland, on third-day of operation
of the Columbia
Machine at Hamburg.
Arrival
Postmark:
“_.Kilchberg, 26 May 1906..”
(One Day Transit time.)
4 or a os eut
es ys marie Aol wy CMe ige, oo ay Viewcard, sent
vp om IGA ben's al to Nishni-Novgorod,
hw eikag want ae | cdi i - | -_
12 DECEMBER 1706
Postmark, “19 December 1906”
10 Pfennig ...
UPU International Postcard-Rate
COLUMBIA 1906 - 1907
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘4’
‘COLUMBIA’ ORIGIN & ‘BICKERDIKE’ ARRIVAL POSTMARKS
POSTKARTE. Va WELTPOSTVEREIN * (X/
_ CARTE-POSTALE. UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE. \
i m
1 2 5 2 « n a c k s t e c T &
WA TH
EA .
L' cH TD AU OK ER E) HA
MB UR
G 1 9 0 4
7 MAY 1906
Viewcard, origin-postmarked at Hamburg with a ‘Columbia Machine’, sent to Leipzig having a ‘Bickerdike Machine’ Arrival Postmark applied.
Arrival Postmark: (Usage: 24 October 1902 - 29 October 1908)
“Leipzig *13b, 8 May 1906, 8-9 AM”
5 Pfennig .. Domestic Postcard Rate
COLUMBIA
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘4’
1906 - 1907
Sometime during the second half of 1906,
THE POSTMARKING INK COLOR ALTERED FROM DEEP BLACK TO BLUE-BLACK.
12 MAY 1906
inner-city postal
stationery
usage having
BLACK INK
POSTMARK.
|
24 OCTOBER 1906 &
5 JANUARY 1907
Domestic-usage
postal stationery
cards with
BLUE-BLACK INK
POSTMARKS.
COLUMBIA 1907 HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘4’
After 8-1/2 months of machine inactivity, A TWO-DAY TRIAL WAS CONDUCTED AT HAMBURG BETWEEN
21-23 SEPTEMBER 1907 (22 September was a Sunday)
with ‘Machine 4’ having an altered postmark obliterator.
The significance of this late trial with ‘Machine 4’ is not known.
Postmark: 25mm double-ring dater dial having ‘DR’ centered
in a 50mm flag-design obliterator (earlier .. 61mm) and a tapered not-ink-filled staff (earlier .. ink-filled).
Usage: 21-23 September 1907
23 SEPTEMBER 1907
‘Gruss Aus’ Card, sent to Coblenz/Rhein.
Arrival Postmark:
“Coblenz *1d, 24 September 1907..”
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic
Postcard rate
One of Three Known. This Example Latest Date.
COLUMBIA 1907 - 1908
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘5’
Postmark Type |!
A new version ‘Columbia’ Machine (5'*) .. purchased 1905/installed December 1907 .., tested by the Reichspost at Hamburg, was
DESIGN-SIMILAR TO AMERICAN FIELD-USE MACHINES having a similar postmark obliterator design
FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
14 DECEMBER 1907
Viewcard, sent to
Seine, France.
10 Pfennig .. UPU International
Postcard-Rate
Earliest Reported
Usage Date.
Postmark: 25mm double-ring dater dial indicating ‘Hamburg No. 1’ along with an obliterator having three groups of six wavy-lines separated by two pair of vertical bars.
Usage: 14December 1907-4 July 1908
s es
‘et r ee
Oe Os cy Verlag Gebr. Israel, Hamburg 702
FREE-FRANK SOLDIER’S MAIL
24 DECEMBER 1907
‘Christmas’ Greeting Card, sent by a soldier to a non-
commissioned officer
& his wife at a base at
Altona (Hamburg).
COLUMBIA 1907 - 1908
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘5’ Postmark Type |
1907 & 1908 USAGE: DOMESTIC POSTCARD-RATED MAIL
CARTE POSTALY BOeTT: LEVELEZO-LAP (ign
ASD odd 3
a ad e fe te AB
31 DECEMBER 1907 UY file 2
' sy Vy fbbat At ve Cf A A ot ey
New Year's Ce Fee Pe Greeting Card, 3
sent to Barmbeck.
B. K. W. 1, 2655/6
11 APRIL 1908
$A L C3 Me w sent to Erfurt.
K n a c k e t e d t
& N i t h e r , H a m b u r g
1 9 0 8
7 | WHOS. te Galan ft: F. Serie Rembrandt.
§ Pfennig ..
Domestic postcard-rate.
COLUMBIA 1908
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘5’
Postmark Type I
- 1910
Less than five months after the cessation of use of the ‘wavy-line postmark, A NEW POSTMARK OBLITERATOR
was installed on Machine ‘5’ operational at Hamburg .. CONSISTING OF THREE PAIR OF HORIZONTAL BARS.
Postmark: 25mm double-ring dater dial indicating
‘Hamburg No. 1’ along with an obliterator having three pair of 60mm in length horizontal bars.
Usage: 27 November 1908 - 28 May 1910
PRINTED-MATTER “TELEGRAM” MAIL
11 FEBRUARY 1909
Printed-matter
postcard, sent to
Berlin,
used as a “Telegram” advice that a
‘Hamburg-Amerika Line’ steamer
had arrived at Villa Franca (Nice),
France.
3 Pfennig ..
Domestic
printed-matier
posicard-raie.
FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
1 JULY 1909
View-card, sent to
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, U.S.A.
10 Pfennis.. UPU International
Postcard-Rate.
COLUMBIA
HAMBURG *** .
1910-1911
.. Machine ‘5’ Postmark Type IIf
in Summer 1910, Machine ‘5’ at Hamburg
had its dater-dial slightly modified removing heretofore “No. 1” REPLACED WITH *1*”,
with the obliterator remaining as previously.
Postmark: 25mm double-ring dater dial indicating
‘Hamburg *1* along with an obliterator having three pair of 60mm in length horizontal bars.
Usage: 31 August1910-28 November 1711
FOREIGN-BOUND Bee Ne .
COPMMERCIAL ~_ ADOLF NEUHAUS 6 ES HAMBURG. f7o 7 See te : fi £6.67 ON fo) cee 17NOVEMBER tion Rae RS
1911 hoe a iets an a
Commercial : A
cover, fe sent to Herrn
Stockholm,
Sweden.
= Otto Ruben . 4 20 Pfennig .. F |
UPU_ | Eo a Single-Weight ' Stockholm ; a Br
(20 grams) Seren oe ‘ aN
international j \ Set . a
Letter-Rate. S sbweden \ a
‘a a = agit? : aa oe
ss ae rte. Ley oe ost card A rs u ee x | DOMESTIC
: POSTCARD
fh 20 NOVEMBER 1911 ye Peta View-card,
Lg sent to Berlin. app
A
oe 5 Pfennig..
a Domestic : postcard-rate
COLUMBIA 4913 HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘5’
Postmark Type IIIA
Between 14 March 1912-1 January 1913, the postmark obiferator consisted of six horizontal lines equally spaced 30% less in length than the
heretofore obliterator. The dater dial dates remained loose type,
ALBEIT ON 31 DECEMBER 1913 A TRIAL WITH A ROTATING DATER DIAL WAS TRIED
Postmark: 25mm double-ring ROTATING DATER DIAL Indicating ‘Hamburg *1* along with an obliterator having six horizontal bars 40mm in length.
Usage: 31 December1913
DOMESTIC POSTCARD
31 DECEMBER 1913
Greetings card, postmarked at ‘Hamburg 1’ Central Post Office,
sent locally to an addressee in the ‘Hamburg 21’ Zone.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic Postcard-Rate
ONE OF TWO KNOWN EXAMPLES
COLUMBIA 1909 (JULY)
HAMBURG *** ... Machine ‘6' Repeater-Impression Postmarking Machine
in an effort to compete with the ‘Krag’ & ‘Sylbe’ Machines, a ‘Columbia’ REPEATER-IMPRESSION POSTMARKING MACHINE
was submitted fo the Reichspost for evaluation and testing, taking place at Hamburg.
The machine coincidentally serviced mail from the'16" Deutsches Bundesschiessen’ (10th German Shooting Competition) at
Hamburg in July 1909.
ESS ee SSE
Postmark: 25mm double-ring dater dial having a ‘bridge’, with dial indication ‘Hamburg *1*, and having an obliterator
consisting of six-horizonial-lines between repeating dials at 72mm intervals.
Usage: 12-24 July 1909
15 JULY 1909
Commemorative
‘Bundesschiessen’
Postcard,
sent to Lehe.
ae O70. Yo DIAM a 2
Med dAE! tp bates 8 pat - L pea sacy te Dh, gr
eG iudy ESS uw Mt OY Dee fhe Boge 2 ‘bet le Lib. = A en tee oo ,
cas
Aes Le oe
oe
17 JULY 1909 Commemorative
‘Bundesschiessen’
Postcard,
sent to Rinteln. Two of Eight
Known.
5 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard-rate
COLUMBIA 1912-1914
BERLIN C D2H ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type |
In December 1911, the Columbia Postal Supply Company’s
Berlin representative, Gottschaick & Company, submitted A NEW SINGLE-IMPRESSION HIGH-SPEED
POSTMARKING MACHINE MODEL to the Reichspost,
subsequently purchasing it in February 1912, for installation at the main ‘Berlin C’ Post Office late that year.
Postmark: 25mm deuble-ring dater dial with ‘bridge’ with text indication “BERLIN C D2H” (‘C’ WITH SERIF) and obliterator consisting of three pairs of 45mm horizontal lines.
Usage: 21 December 1912-1 January 1914
MAILTO NORWAY
21 DECEMBER 1912
‘Christmas’
Greeting Card,
sent to
Elverum, Norway.
10 Pfennig ..
UPU international
Postcard Rate.
Earliest Reported
Usage Date.
MAILTO AUSTRIA
18 OCTOBER 1913
View-card, sent to
Vienna, Austria.
5 Pfennig...
Domestic
postcard-rate valid for mail to
Austria.
P h o t o c h r o m
vo n
A St er nb er g, H a m b u r g
3
fp a
: : £7611 Nachdruck verboten
COLUMBIA 1914-1924
BERLIN C D2H ... Machine ‘7’ Postmark Type Il
Late December 1914, the heretofore postmark received
a NEW DATER DIAL where the ‘bridge’ was eliminated and the ‘C’ of ‘Berlin C’ no longer had a serif.
Postmark: 25mm double-ring dater dial WITHOUT ‘bridge’,
text indication “BERLIN C D2H” .. °C’ WITHOUT SERIF,
with the heretofore obliterator of three pair of 45mm
horizontal lines.
Usage: 31 December 1914-8 September 1924
INNER-CITY MAIL
31 DECEMBER 1914
‘New Year's’ Greeting Card, sent inner-city.
Se
3 Pfennig .. Domestic :
printed-matter rate. :
Earliest Reported
Usage Date.
FREE-FRANK FIELD-POST MAIL
31 DECEMBER 1914
War-time ‘New
Year's’ Greeting
Card, sent to
Schénemoor, near Delmenhorst.
Earliest Reported
Usage Date.
COLUMBIA 1914 - 1924
BERLIN C D2H ... Machine ‘7’
Postmark Type I!
a. (y \,
i + LHe becihenr a” ee “ Fe ’ Oe x» fi
fe AAA AR os fm, 4 m1
LPL =
Patriotic (1916) War-Time New Year's Greeting Card
ee
1] JANUARY 1916
fr ig
a s e a
War-time ‘New Year's’ Greeting Card,
sent locally.
(Reverse illustrated above}
DoftFarte. ey ae
ain
COMMERCIAL MAIL
13 FEBRUARY 1915
sess Business mail postcard,
sent to Stollberg.
Wohnung (Strage und Hausnunmer)
5 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard-rate
INTERNATIONAL (‘ey ¢ votPuin’) 1902 BERLIN
The ‘International Postal Supply Company’ of New York submitted a single- impression high-speed ‘International’ Machine to the Reichspost in October 1902 with trial testing of less than three weeks resulting in
non-acceptance most probably because the manufacturer was intent on leasing or renting their machines.
Postmark: 20mm diameter dater dial with American-style time indication ‘A.M.’ or ‘P.M.’ with a 546mm long wavy-line
obiiterator in which an ‘I’ and ‘c’ are found integrated on the left-side.
Usage: 24 October -15 November 1902
31 OCTOBER 1902
‘Gruss-Aus’ Card
(Berlin), sent to Bautzen.
5 Pfennig... Domestic
postcard-rate
2
11 NOVEMBER 1902
View-card (Berlin), sent to
Orebro, Sweden.
10 Pfennig ...
UPU International
Postcard-Rate
— aR S eee ae EE , ee : eee
Less Than Twenty Known
HUGO LAU 1902 DRESDEN
In early 1902, ‘Hugo Lau’ submitted a prototype postmarking machine to the Reichspost for evaluation, claiming its superiority versus
the ‘Bickerdike’ Machine being evaluated by them at the time.
SPORATICALLY BETWEEN JANUARY-MAY 1902 AT DRESDEN & 31 JULY-12 SEPTEMBER 1902
AT BERLIN, LAU’S MACHINE WAS EVALUATED AND
FOUND NOT ACCEPTABLE VERSUS THE ‘BICKERDIKE’.
Postmark: 28mm dater dial with vertical grill lines along with nine staggered
horizontal obliterator lines.
Known
Usage: 8 April-9 May 1902 (Dresden)
8 APRIL 1902
Wirttemberg-State Prepaid Postal Card, (valid for use in the Reichspost area),
postmarked at Dresden (Province Saxony), sent to Friedrichshafen (Province Wirttemberg).
Arrival Postmark: “Friedrichshafen, 9 April 1902..”
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic postcard-rate
Earliest known example of two known.
RUTTGER 4904 BERLIN C.2.
The ‘Carl Rittger Company’ submitted their postmarking machine to
the Reichspost in 1904, resulting in two series of fests conducted between February and October with no acceptable
conclusion for the Reichspost.
Postmark: 20mm single-circle dater dial with an obliterator having an
integrated ‘R’ in a series of diagonal lines...(early trial)
lines descended to the right, (later trial) lines ascended to the
right.
Usage: Early Trial.. 28 January - 9 March 1904 (obliterator lines descending)
Later Trial.. 11 March - 21 October 1904 (obliterator lines ascending)
i
EARLY 1904 TRAIL Zz 5 i)
8 FEBRUARY 1904 i = © oO
Business postcard from the oe ‘Imperial National Gallery’ Zh
to Danzig. = S | 2
5 Pfennig.. Lt Domestic Ht
postcard-rate
LATE 1904 TRIAL
21 OCTOBER 1904
inner-city commercial mail postcard
2 Pfennig...
inner-city
postcard-rate
Latest known usage.
SS ee
Less Than Fifteen Known
RUTTGER 4904 BERLIN C.2.
LATE 1904 TRIAL
OFFICIAL MAIL
21 JULY 1904
Official folded-letter, postage affixed, sent from the ‘Imperial Ministry of Education’ at Berlin
to the City Government at Stettin.
Arrival Postmark: (Reverse)
“Stettin *le,
21 July 1904..”
10 Pfennig.. Domestic single-weight
(20 Grams)
letter-rate.
Only known
official mail usage.
KRAG 1905 - 1906 BERLIN C D2B... Machine ‘1’ (electrically-operated)
Postmark Type |
Between 1905-06 Nils Krag, a Norwegian, delivered four of his innovative posimarking machines to the Reichspost for evaluation and testing. Three
machines would be tested in Berlin and one machine in Hamburg.
The ‘Krag’ Machine was THE FIRST CONTINUOUS-IMPRESSION POSTMARKING MACHINE,
available in electric, hand or treadie-operated versions.
The first German-trial machine, located at the main Berlin Post Office, was an electrically-operated version and applied origin-postmarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial with ‘bridge’
repeating at 78mm intervals between a series of eight horizontal 48mm long lines with integrated crown between the letters ‘DR’.
Usage: 14 July 1905 - 20 February 1906
24 JULY 1905
Commercial business card mail, sent to Gothenburg,
Sweden.
10 Pfennig ...
UPU International
Postcard-Rate.
: SU GHITMITET ners feos. Senwne es uchiha ee :
Postkarte.
11 SEPTEMBER 1905
Embossed
birthday greetings card sent locally.
2 Pfennig.. inner-city
postcard-rate
KRAG 1906 - 1908 BERLIN C D2B... Machine ‘1’ (electrically-operated) FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL MAIL
Postmark Types II
By March 1906, the Reichspost
REPLACED THE ‘IMPERIAL’ STYLE OBLITERATOR with one having a series of
TEN HORIZONTAL LINES between modified dater dial types.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial having a complete bridge
(Type ‘A’) or a missing ‘bridge’ (Type ‘B’) and repeating
at 78mm intervals between a series of ten horizontal
50mm long lines.
Usage: Type‘A’: 7 October 1908 - 30 December 1908
Type ‘B’: 31 May 1907 - 8 August 1708
DIAL TYPE ‘A’
30 DECEMBER 1908
Free-Frank official
postcard notification
from the ‘Berlin
Imperial
Court’ sent locally.
Last Day of Known Use.
Wo ohimng.... OO Noho ERE RAL Veet rie nd Gausunuen)
LE aes Se aaa us 2h ena en Lames hae ee
te ee es . aa a
ie iiteakg 45 ' 3
oumentene Beralagegetonmiion fit Berlin. .
— Pon uN,
(esse)
eA aw
. =, bans etd ee erat Ae wy ae Ws eh a Cribs ig th Fe é 5 a RT ce j F
Dante Wdeaheds a tieck a Wit | q % , : g Sia RiWvinke MSP
Wiad ete knee: ua
L ™ *
ee
h
DIAL TYPE ‘B’
3 MARCH 1908
Free-frank
folded-letter © official mail
from the
Berlin
i 23 income-Tax Aa Office, sent
locally.
KRAG 1905 - 1906 BERLIN C “Bestelli vom Postamfe 2”
... Machine ‘2’ (hand-operated) ‘Arrival or Service’ Postmark
A second Krag Machine was tested at Berlin DEDICATED TO APPLYING
ARRIVAL OR SERVICE POSTMARKS TO IN-COMING MAIL. After 1906, the machine lay dormant uniil 1911,
re-commissioned and sent for duty at ‘Berlin Rixdorf’.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating “Besfellf vom Postamfe 2” (delivered from Post Office 2), having a
‘bridge’ and repeating at 78mm intervals.
Field Use: 16 July 1905 - 16 July 1906
16 JULY 1905
‘Gruss aus ‘
Commemorative
Celebration Card,
Postmarked at
Erfurt,
sent to Berlin.
First Day of
Field Use.
16 JULY 1906
‘Gruss aus’ Postcard.
postmarked at
Goslar,
sent to Berlin.
Last Day of
Known Use.
AUG LEVERS BERG TINE CLI COPEL HEC CE COLE, Oe
p a c i a s h t a e
ace e M
ge baal
P e e e e
s p t
= a
A i t e e h e sd a
Pap eS s i e n t
ee N e a
23 NOVEMBER 1905
in-bound postal
stationery card.
postmarked at Cairo,
Egypt, sent fo Berlin.
KRAG 1906
BERLIN C *2b ... Machine ‘3’
Posimark Type |
AN IMPROVED AND FASTER-OPERATING KRAG MACHINE TYPE (Machine ‘4’) was submitted early 1906 to the
Reichspost for testing.
This Norwegian-built machine version was
accepted by the Reichspost with subsequent units manufactured in Germany by the ‘Schuchardt & Schitte’
Company of Berlin in electric, hand
and treadle- operated versions.
Posimark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating “BERLIN *2b", with ‘bridge’ and repeating at 78mm intervals
between which a series of eight horizontal 50mm long lines with integrated crown between the letters ‘DR’.
Usage: 9% April-3 October 1906
—_ Sao enne em aim nn nt
“Taam 80N Je OY ROO
f a c e
. e e
ee
9 APRIL 1906
Cover, with printed-matter enclosure, sent locally.
2 Pfennig.. Inner-city printed- matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
Earliest Known Date.
KRAG 1906
BERLIN C *2b ... Machine ‘3’ Postmark Type |
ADVERTISING POSTCARD
USED PRIVATELY
7 JULY 1906
Commercial
advertising postcard {Ackermann’s Knitting Yarn’),
with personal
message,
sent to a Klein
Schénbeck.
5 Pfennig...
Domestic
posicard-rate
: Fraj a, A bliis, No. 21 ° Wf ff 4
4 dokl, Siewera ig Berta
Liat, t
|
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL MAIL
7 JUNE 1906
Official ‘Imperial Tax Office’ folded letter, sent locally.
KRAG 1905 - 1906 HAMBURG *8h ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type |
THE FIRST ‘KRAG’ MACHINE DELIVERED & TESTED AT HAMBURG WAS AT ‘POST OFFICE 8’
for applying origin postmarks to out-going mail.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating “HAMBURG *8h”
with a ‘bridge’ and repeating at 78mm intervals
between which a series of eight horizontal 48mm long
lines with integrated crown between the letters ‘DR’.
Usage: 19 July 1905-13 March 1906
PRINTED-MATTER AS AN ADVERTISING “TELEGRAM”
22 JULY 1905
Postcard, “advertising telegram” sent by the ‘Hamburg-
America Line’ notifying
local recipient of arrival of their vessel
‘Prince Bismarck’ at Hammerfest, Norway.
2 Pfennig ...
inner-city
posicard-rate
Fourth Day of Machine Operation.
MAILTO FRANCE
20 NOVEMBER 1905
Commercial
COVEer,
sent to Pithiviers, France.
20 Pfennig.. UPU Single- Weight
(20 grams)
Letter-Rate.
KRAG 1905 - 1906 HAMBURG “8h ... Machine ‘1’
Postmark Type |
COMMERCIAL PRINTED-MATTER
26 JANUARY 1906
Commercial cover,
printed-matier enclosure,
sent to
Oldenburg.
3 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matter up to 50 grams.
NEW YEAR’S GREETING’S CARD
31 DECEMBER 1905
UPU-version ‘New Year's Greetings’
Card, sent to Goslar, Harz
Mountain Area.
5 Pfennig.. Domestic
posicard-rate.
KRAG 1906
HAMBURG “8h ... Machine ‘1’ Postmark Type I/
Similar to the situation in Berlin, by mid-1906, the initial ‘imperial’ style
postmark OBLITERATOR WAS REPLACED WITH ONE HAVING TEN
HORIZONTAL LINES between the dater dials.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating “HAMBURG *8h" with a ‘bridge’ and repeating at 78mm intervals between which are a series of ten horizontal 48mm long lines.
Usage: 6 April— 23 July 1704
FREE-FRANK MILITARY MAIL
sent to HALLE
4 JULY 1906
Q
MAILTO USA |
t i
15 JULY 1906
10 Pfennig... UPU
international
Postcard-Rate.
KRAG HAMBURG *1* ... Machine ‘T’
Postmark Type Ill
1906-1907
In mid-1906, THE KRAG MACHINE AT ‘HAMBURG POST OFFICE 8’ WAS TRANSFERRED
TO ‘HAMBURG POST OFFICE 1’
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating “HAMBURG *1*" without a ‘bridge’ and repeating at 78mm intervals
between which are a series of ten horizontal 48mm long
lines.
Usage: 31 October 1906 ~- 25 May 1907
DOMESTIC PRINTED-MATTER
22 FEBRUARY 1907
Commercial
cover,
printed-matter
enclosure, sent to
Elmshorn.
3 Pfennig.. Domestic printed- matter rate for
mail up to
50 grams.
BUSINESS MAIL TO DENMARK
25 APRIL 1907
Commercial
cover, printed- matter
enclosure, sent to Arsens,
Denmark.
5 Pfennig...
UPU
international Printed-Matter
Rate for mail up
to 50 grams.
KRAG 1911-1912
PRIVATE MAIL SERVICE BERLIN...’BERLINER PAKETFAHRT GESELLSCHAFT’
THE ONLY PRIVATE MAIL SERVICE HAVING A KRAG POSTMARKING MACHINE WAS THE “BERLINER PAKETFAHRT GESELLSCHAFT’ IN BERLIN
WHICH POSTMARKED ITS LOCAL-CITY MAIL HAVING A COMPANY LABEL AS FRANKING.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial (with ‘bridge’) indicating “BERLIN PAKETFAHRT” and repeating at 78mm intervals between which a series of eight horizontal lines in four groups as
obliterators.
Usage: 1911-1912
ADVERTISING ‘DROP MAIL’
NOVEMBER 1911
‘Drop mail distributed to all households surrounding the ‘Alexander Platz’ in Berlin
with endorsement
“Durch Eilboten” (By Express).
‘Berlin Pakeifahrt'’
Private label =
pseudo-franking.
One of two covers known.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1907 - 1930s
Soon after acceptance and Reichspost field-use of the Krag
Postmarking Machine, Paul Syibe of the ‘Syibe & Pondorf Company’, Schmdlln, Germany, introduced their newly developed rapid
postmarking machine, in many respects similar to the Krag Machine,
yet with advantages.
Although the ‘Sylbe’ Machine was initially a dual die-head
continuous-impression machine, similar to the ‘Krag’, its design enabled it to postmark 30-40% more mail....
Continuous-Impression: ca. 550-600/minute
Half-Impression on Postcards; ca. 1500-1800/minute
A MAJOR ADVANTAGE WAS ITS ABILITY TO APPLY
CONTINUOUS-IMPRESSION (REPEATER) OR SINGLE-IMPRESSION POSTMARKS,
avoiding postcard-messages from being partially obliterated.
That flexibility also enabled it to accept slogans in place of the heretofore line obliterator, resulting in the
FIRST USE OF SLOGAN POSTMARKS IN GERMANY.
Those features eventually enabled ‘Sylbe’ Machines
to become a mainstay with the Reichspost resulting
in replacement of Krag Machines over time.
Illustration of an electrically-operated
‘Sylbe’ Postmarking Machine
SYLBE & PONDORF 1907 — 1930s
BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION MUNCHEN 2 B.P.
Sylbe & Pondorf, Schmdélln, Germany, sold one of their first ‘Syibe’ Machines to the Bavarian Postal Administration for use at the
Munich train station post office.
THE MACHINE HAD A DIE-HEAD 156mm IN SIZE RESULTING IN
CONTINUING-IMPRESSION POSTMARKS EVERY 78mm. Postmark: 27mm diameter dater dial and repeating at 78mm
intervals between a series of ten staggered horizontal obliterator lines.
US.A-BOUNDMAIL § Postkarte -~aGarte-Pt
6 SEPTEMBER 1907
{es
: a Ie
Hic 4 eats bee one!
View-card, Raum fir Mittei faze J fir ber inline.
postage lost (fiir das Ausiand nur culipsig¢ 4enn ols Belief frankiert.)
' fot if F :
; sent to ; lent Michigan City, ef
Indiana.
o8 ,
MO NC HE N
Earliest Known Usage.
lee
Ria INFANTRY OFFICER'S ae MAIL
Bes 25 NOVEMBER 1908. tise cg
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL MAIL
15 DECEMBER 1908
‘Imperial Bavarian | Railway’ Postcard, sent | ’ hy
to "Countess Bentner” Portopflidtige nna hi Worf at Ludwigshafen. Af A "
619. &. 08. Wong : s TW, Tit U ¥ Hf
(Strabe und Hans: vferiater.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1910-1920s
BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATON
MUNCHEN *2*
On 1 February 1910, the Bavarian Postal Administration introduced
a postal prepayment service for mailings of large mailers where
THE ‘SYLBE’ MACHINE APPLIED THE PREPAYMENT POSTMARK,
a forerunner of meter marks, in red, green or black colors. Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial, repeating at 78mm intervals,
between a four staggered horizontal line obliterator with
integrated value indication .. “ - Franco Bezahlf”. (Paid to destination)
Domestic
postcard-rate
4 _, . Kénigreich Bayern.
FIRSTDAY OF USE ay Tees " CRemisAR TE, ,
1 FEBRUARY 1910 2 } $n Gay “5 A
4 (Bezahlte Antwort)\ .. — Reply-card postal ig Bet ee ZF
stationery with reply ; oe
card intact, ; f es
postmarked at ig | A a9
delivery and 4 : co | acl
reply-postmarked on Ee i Br V1, rte J fp
" scavae | ST 98
BOOK ADVERTISING & ORDER FORM
2 MAY 1910
Printed-matter book
order advertising,
postmarked at
Munich, sent to Gérlitz
3 Pfennig...
Domestic
printed-matter rate tm Fi = up to 50 grams
SYLBE & PONDORF 1910 - 1920s
IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE PREPAID (METER FORERUNNER) POSTMARKS LUDWIGSHAFEN (RHEIN) 1
The earliest Reichspost-applied prepayment postmarks (“Franko Bezahif”)
were red or green ink with black ink being used later exclusively.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial repeating at 78mm intervals between which a series of four staggered horizontal line obliterators with single-circle dial indicating postage value.
POSTCARD PRINTED-MATTER
a i ee = Sag
«OPP RANA: VP ive cae eee
5 Bi qee ER ie th
eal
12 MAY 1911
Prepaid postmark (green ink) applied on
an
advertising postcard, sent to Wyhlen.
ay
Domestic printed-
matter rate for mail
up fo
50 grams.
1 April 1900 - 31 July 1916) | ~—S—«fektrostahl Ludw
: Telefon No, 8, 253,
COVER WITH PRINTED-MATTER |
18 AUGUST 1922
Prepaid postmark (black ink) On a
cover, printed-
matter enclosure,
sent fo Worms.
50 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matter
rate for mail up to 20 grams.
(1 July 1922 -
1 October 1922)
SYLBE & PONDORF
BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION MUNCHEN *2* & REGENSBURG *1*
ADVERTISING POSTCARD PRINTED-MATTER
13 FEBRUARY 1920
Prepaid postmark (black ink) applied
on an advertising postcard, sent Baden-Baden.
5 Pfennig... Domestic
printed-matter
rate for mail up to 50 grams.
(1 October 1720 - § May 1920)
1910 - 1920s
PREPAID (METER FORERUNNER) POSTMARKS
Mae
SPEZIALITATEN: Lot+Zinn fir alle Zwecke / Lot»Zinn in | Rohrenform mit Kolophonium: u. Paste: Fallung / Schlag-Lote fér alle Metalle / StreusZinn / L6tsMittel » WeiBlagers Kompositionen / Silber-Lote / Metalle far die graphische Industrie | Schweif. stabe und Schweibpulver far die autogene
PenreeunS, :
—Drudsacs "5
‘BEZAHLT ¢ 2
| RM 15000 I. 20. :
FRANKO
a
b>
ee N
ik. Pf
FRANKO |
es oe oe
NEWSPAPER WRAPPER
2 DECEMBER 1920
Newspaper wrapper with a precanceled
postpaid postmark, sent to Kronberg.
10 Pfennig... Domestic printed-
matter rate for mail
up fo 50 grams.
6 May 1920 - 31 March 1921
SYLBE & PONDORF IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE
1911 - 1920s
SINGLE OR CONTINUOUS-IMPRESSIONS
One of the objections from business and the general public conceming ‘continuous posimarking impressions’ was that their length offen covered the
text message on posicards.
A 1911 ‘SYLBE’ MACHINE VERSION WAS FLEXIBLE AND ABLE TO APPLY EMTHER SINGLE OR CONTINUOUS-IMPRESSION POSTMARKS.
SINGLE (or ‘Half’)
IMPRESSION POSTMARK
23 DECEMBER 1912
Postal stationery
card, postmarked at
Chemnitz,
sent to Dresden
5 Pfennig ..
Domestic
postcard-rate
Ve rl
ag
Ma rt in
& Fi
sc he
r, Ch
e a
CONTINUOUS
(or ‘Full’) IMPRESSION POSTMARK
1 JANUARY 1913
‘New Year's
Greeting’ Card, postmarked at
Chemnitz, sent to Cairo, Egypt
10 Pfennig...
UPU International
Postcard-Rate
SYLBE & PONDORF 1913-1914 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE PRECANCELED POSTMARKS BERLIN C 2 ON ADVERTISING MAIL
Later field-use of ‘Sylbe Machines
applied VARIOUS TYPES &
STYLES OF POSTMARK
OBLITERATORS.
PRIVATELY-
PRINTED
ADVERTISING
WRAPPERS
WITH
PRECANCELED
POSTMARKS
for
Berlin Department
Store
‘Kaufhaus
des Wesfens’.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1911- 1920s
IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE TRIPLE DATER-DIAL POSTMARK Charlottenburg 2s
IN 1911, THE ‘SYLBE & PONDORF COMPANY’ INTRODUCED A
THREE-HEADED DATER-DIAL DIE-HEAD POSTMARKING MACHINE,
with the dater-dials at 52mm intervals.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial repeating at 52mm intervals between a series of horizontal line obliterators.
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL MAIL
7 FEBRUARY 1913
Official free-frank mail from the ‘Imperial Customs Office’, sent to local court.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1913-1914
IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE SINGLE IMPRESSION TRIAL MACHINE leipzig y2y
IN 1913, ‘SYLBE & PONDORF’ SUBMITTED A DEDICATED RAPID-SPEED SINGLE-IMPRESSION MACHINE TO THE REICHSPOST FOR TRIAL
in an effort to compete with the ‘Universal Machine’ which had been widely accepted and in field operation throughout Germany.
After a nine month trial, the machine was rejected.
Postmark: 28mm diameter dater dial with a series of six staggered
horizontal lines as the obliterator to the right of the dater dial.
Usage: 18 September 1913 - 15 June 1914
5 ele Tips Sammie 9 "797%, We, oo
9 MAY 1914
Official Commemorative Postal Stationery Card
with slogan: ‘1914 Red Cross
Collection”
“Bereit Sein ist Alles” (‘Being Prepared ist Paramount’),
sent to Hamburg.
|
Pojtfarte
-Herrn 22 MAY 1914
Ma x Jo t 2 ; Commercial
by the “Purchasing
Cooperative of the Backers of
Leipzig”,
ak | sent locally. -Einkaufsgenossenschaft he tae ae
der Backer-Innung _ _ é
ott Wenig Bohenagsty. 20.7.0 2 e. G. m. b. H. | ie =
5 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard-rate
SYLBE & PONDORF 1913 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE BUILDING TRADE EXPOSITION LEIPZIG COMMEMORATIVE POSTMARK
“Leipzig ... International Baufach Ausstellung” (Leipzig... International Building Trades Exhibition’)
THE ‘SYLBE’ MACHINE AT LEIPZIG WAS THE FIRST TO APPLY ‘SPECIAL EVENT PROMOTION’ POSTMARKS, WHICH WERE
FORERUNNERS TO MACHINE SLOGAN POSTMARKS
Postmark: 27mm diameter dater dial at 52mm intervals indicating
“International Baufach Ausstellung Leipzig” with a series of
eight horizontal obliterator lines between dials.
Applied by a ‘Sylbe’ triple die-head machine
Usage: 11 April - 30 October 1913
OFFIZIELLE _ _,umut, POSTKARTE
INTERN. BAUFACIAUSSTELUNG MIT oe LEIPZIG 1913
bn jc bho poll Ae a 7
i Rois A 2 of ge? any r Sy LELE Pas nee tae Su (i, ged
con to :
Portal an der Reitzenhainer StraBe,
entw. v. Arch. A. Herold, Leipzig. es Vz a Standbiid des Kinigs Friedrich August. : > ae , oe S - ;
Hartung & ROttinger, Verte, d. offiz, Postkarten 4, 1, B, A, Leipzig 1013 Se aee See eter men eI a Nachbilé. verb, Ges, v, 8. dan, 1907, fre ise i (_A8 413218 @ Adin. u. Drusk y, De, Trenkler & Go, Graph. Kunstanst., Laipzig-Stbtt,
ain
16 SEPTEMBER 1913
Official Commemorative Postcard “International Bauvfachausstellung mit Sonderaussfeliung Leipzig 1913”
(‘International Building Trades Exhibition With Special Exhibition Leipzig 1913’) sent LGneburg.
§ Pfennig...
Domestic postcard-rate
SYLBE & PONDORF 1913 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE LEIPZIG
OFFICIAL COMMEMORATIVE POSTCARDS
“Leipzig ... Xll Deufsches Turnfest" (Leipzig... Xil German Gymnastics Festival’)
Festival Dates: 12 -16 July 1913
Postmark Usage: 10 - 18 July 1913
ee fo ee “
SYLBE & PONDORF 1913
IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE SPECIAL EVENT POSTMARK LEIPZIG
14 JULY 1913
Cover, affixed with
commemorative
festival promotion
label & postage.
5 Pfennig... Local city
letter-rate
for mail up
to 20 grams
‘“GYMNASTIC FESTIVAL’
“Leipzig ... XIl Deutsches Turnfest" (Leipzig... Xl] German Gymnastics Festival’)
Festival Dates: 12 -146 July 1913
Postmark Usage: 10 - 18 July 1913
Postmark: 27mm diameter dater dial at 52mm intervals indicating “Leipzig Xi! Deutsches Turnfesf" with logo as an obliterator between dials.
Drucksache.
N-7V
RES / 13 JULY 1913 TURNFEST~
: Postcard,
commercial
printed-matter
sent locally.
3 Pfennig...
Printed-matter
rate
for mail up to
50 grams.
SHHAR LAER, Lem S71 02
SYLBE & PONDORF 1913 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE ‘BATTLE OF NATIONS’ MEMORIAL LEIPZIG COMMENORATIVE POSTMARK
“Leipzig ... Weihe des Volkerschlacht Denkmals” (‘Leipzig... Dedication of the ‘Battle of fhe Nations’ Memorial)
Postmark Usage: 18 October 1913
Postmark: 27mm diameter dater dial at 52mm intervals indicating “Leipzig Weihe des Vélkerschiacht Denkmals” with memorial-logo as an obliterator between dials.
he AeA RARE HE HENAN
Offizielle Postkarte
PAL M
TIL UII
LIE
«1813 18 18 OCTOBER 1913 : | 7.101018.
z \ | WEIHE DES Official : a
commemorative z 5 E Postcard, with : ae 18 ‘Clahe Ge a
‘half-impression’ Si me LHTTETITNUATN HENNE 2
postmark, hese hon = sent locally. : Miu Sript : ow fee 88 SA eee
Nu wu Hahann
5 Pfennig... ae -
Domestic ai hh Ky i = posicard-rate : ee areetem peetantiaae Snipe pees See bee eb ee ee ee eee ee =
Set te Neer eaeeey hols We HA. Le see =
= Verlag: yanyoneiee des Deuts Dranis LeaaGlasr, Latiiig z Ruy ii ( iW k Ow dg Aes &. Ri. % i 2
| BUILD TEMALIUTEVCTM ELUTE IUTOQUUQUIUGEINS ENN i uunseTontenveeeeanaugetesamnnees scanner HBLLLATHAENTULATALLEMASIN
ee y ial _ ,
“48,10. 1918 WE!HE DES
18 OCTOBER 1913
ig Gl as er ,
Le ip zi g. e
VO. KERSCH {LACH Memorial-
\OENKMALS Viewcard with 3 . ‘full-impression’ “s postmark, sent to ae Keetmanshoop, ee German aa Southwest Africa!
2 10 Pfennig... 2 UPU International 2 Posicard-Raite
1
MEMORIAL DEDICATION AT LEIPZIG ‘BATTLE OF NATIONS’
(“Leipzig ... Weihe des Vélkerschlacht Denkmals")
On 18 October 1913,
the city of Leipzig celebrated the
100" Anniversary of the ‘Battle of the Nations’ where Napoleon Bonapare and his armies were defeated.
A 91-meter high monument/memorial was dedicated.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1914
IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE INTERNATIONAL BOOK TRADE & LEIPZIG GRAPHIC ARTS EXHBIITION
TYPE!.. POSTMARK
“Leipzig ... Welt-Ausstellung fdr Buchgewerbe und Graphik” (‘Leipzig... World Exhibition for the Book Trade & Graphic Art)
Postmark Type |: 27mm diameter dater dial at 52mm intervals indicating
“Leipzig Welf-Aussfellung far Buchgewerbe und Graphik"
with exhibition loge obliterator between dials.
Usage: 1 April - 18 October 1914
Fa: Paul Sts s, dktien- Gesellschaft fiir Luxuspapier-
fabrikation.
Se Oe ae ‘Gelchaftsitelle:
Ausftellungsgelande Relizenhainer Strabe
Bez. Dresden,
15 MAY 1914
Commemorative cover with ‘full-impression’ postmark, sent from the exhibition administration office
to a paper manufacturer in Migeln (near Dresden).
10 Pfennig...
Domestic letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1914 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE INTERNATIONAL BOOK TRADE & LEIPZIG GRAPHIC ARTS EXHIBITION
TYPE! .. POSTMARKS
‘HALF’ & ‘FULL’ IMPRESSION EXAMPLES
‘HALF’ IMPRESSION POSTMARK
‘FULL’ IMPRESSION POSTMARK
SYLBE & PONDORF 1914
IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE INTERNATIONAL BOOK TRADE & LEIPZIG GRAPHIC ARTS EXHIBITION
TYPE Il... POSTMARK
“Leipzig ... Welf-Ausstellung fur Buchgewerbe und Graphik” (‘Leipzig... World Exhibition for the Book Trade & Graphic Art’)
Postmark Type II: 29mm diameter dater dial indicating
“Leipzig Welt-Aussfellung fir Buchgewerbe und Graphik”
with exhibition logo obliterator between dials.
Usage: 1 April- 18 October 1914
20 JULY 1914
Official commemorative postcard with ‘half-impression’ Postmark Type II
(dater-dial 29mm in diameter)
mailed at the exhibition to Gotha.
§ Pfennig... Domestic posicard-rate.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1918
BAVARIAN POSTAL ADMINISTRATION MUNCHEN *2*
FIRST SLOGAN POSTMARK IN GERMANY
THE ‘SYLBE’ MACHINE APPLIED THE FIRST SLOGAN POSTMARK
introduced in late 1918, promoting the sale of war bonds. ’
“... Hilf Siegen - Zeichne Kriegsanleihe!” (“.. Help Become Victorious .. Subscribe to Buy War Bonds!”)
used in seven Bavarian cities.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dials at 78mm intervals
indicating city and slogan “Hilf Siegen - Zeichne Kriegsanleihe!” as an obliterator between dater dials.
Usage: 23 September - 1 November 1918
ie ig Sie F “if cienen! Sse...
26/28 SEPTEMBER 1918 Hilf siegen: ac! Zeichne AY RS Se
Commercial cover,
postmarked at
Augsburg, sent to Freiburg.
Kriegsanieine |
r 4
Pofttarte— —— Zeichne = =
sanleihe! ___.
29 SEPTEMBER 1918
Bavarian postal
stationery card, postmarked at
Munich,
sent to Bunzlau (Province Silesia).
SYLBE & PONDORF 1920 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE LEIPZIG TRADE FAIR “LEIPZIG a2a” & “LEIPZIG *13a” PROMOTION POSTMARKS
TYPE!.. POSTMARK
“Leipziger Musfermesse” (‘Leipzig Trade Fair)
Postmark: 27mm dater dial with ‘Mercury Head’
adjacent to slogan text as obliterafor.
Usage: 28 February — 15 March 1920
LEIPZIG a2a
29 FEBRUARY 1920
LEIPZIG *13a
28 FEBRUARY 1920
First Day of Use.
15 Pfennig ..
inner-city lefter-rate for mail up to 20 grams.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1920 IMPERIAL REICHSPOST USAGE LEIPZIG TRADE FAIR “LEIPZIG *13a” PROMOTIONAL POSTMARK
TYPE Il .. POSTMARK
“Leipziger Mustermesse” (‘Leipzig Trade Fair)
Postmark: 27mm dater dial with ‘Mercury Head’ above the slogan text as obliterator.
Usage: 28 February - 15 March 1920
13 MARCH 1920
Up-rated postal stationery reply card, business correspondence, postmarked at Leipzig,
sent to MGnster (Westphalia).
15 Pfennig d —
Domestic postcard-rate.
SYLBE & PONDORF 1920 REICHSPOST ‘FRANKFURT
BERLIN & FRANKFURT INTERNATIONAL FAIR’ PROMOTIONAL SLOGAN POSTMARK
“DRITTE FRANKFURTER INTERNATIONALE MESSE" (Third Frankfurt International Fair)
3-9 October 1920
SYLBE MACHINES AT FOUR ‘BERLIN & ONE ‘FRANKFURT’ POST OFFICES APPLIED THE PROMOTIONAL POSTMARKS FOR THE FAIR AT FRANKFURT DURING 1920
Postmark: 27mm dater dial with fair text integrated within a ten
staggered-horizontal-line obliterator.
Chor Cre
UNIVERSAL 4911-1921
William Bowes of the ‘Universal Stamping Machine Company’ of New York City traveled to Europe in 1911 in an effort
to sell their ‘Universal’ Postmarking Machine to various postal administrations.
In Germany, five machines were intended to be purchased
with only four delivered for subsequent trial evaluations | at five Reichspost Post Offices:
Berlin C D2E Berlin W35t Charlottenburg *2n Geestemiinde *h Hamburg *1*
Twelve subsequent machines were purchased by the Reichspost in 1912 with an additional 300 units
between 1914-1921..
all manufactured under license by the ‘Deutsche Post- und Eisenbahn-Verkehrswesen
Aktiengesellschaft (DAPAG)’
Illustration of an electrically-operated
‘UNIVERSAL’ Postmarking Machine able to postmark ca. 600 units of mail/minute
UNIVERSAL 1911-1912 CHARLOTTENBURG *2n
Postmark Type !
In 1911, the ‘Universal Stamping Machine Company’ of New York Cily supplied the Reichspost five
‘UNIVERSAL’ ELECTRICALLY-OPERATED SINGLE-IMPRESSION HIGH-SPEED POSTMARKING MACHINE for INITIAL TESTING at
Berlin, Charlottenburg, Geesteminde, and Hamburg.
Postmark: 22mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Charloffenburg *2n’
along with a seven-wavy-line obliterator.
Usage: 3 June 1911-27 January 1912
OFFICIAL FREE-FRANK
POST OFFICE TEST MAIL
8 JUNE 1911
Official trial mail postmarked sent to
the Post Office a ten ae
Administration at a ’ See ete ‘Berlin C2’.
forsee ean ih : ae Pee : ¢
Only Known Proof Usage.
fe oF WEINHAUS RHEINGOLD rr
BERLIN, am Potsdamer i ee
s ee FIELD TESTING ari be ures “Ft ae sy at ‘ 4 eS)
i ‘e ee ee) Pr ae rs , i he
ay 28 OCTOBER 1911 a
Viewcard,
sent to Dresden.
Re rl ia ,
He li ot ig
5 Pfennig...
Domestic
posicard-rate.
No .8
ra ne K
ull tic
h, Pho
t.,
UNIVERSAL 1911-1912 GEESTEMUNDE *h
Postmark Type |
Because the seven-wavy-line OBLITERATOR often covered part of the written text on postcards,
it was SHORTENED FROM 50mm TO 45mm in length.
Postmark: 22mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘'Geesfeminde *h’ along with a seven-wavy-line obliterator.
Usage: 19 September 1911 - 2 February 1912
30 SEPTEMBER 1911
Advertising cover, printed-matter enclosure,
sent to
Heiligenfelde.
3 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-maitter rate for mail
up to 50 grams
UNIVERSAL BERLIN W *35
Postmark Type |
1911-1914
One of the four early trial machines was sent to the ‘Berlin W 35’ Post Office for field testing.
Postmark: 22mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Berlin W “350 orf along with a seven-wavy-line obliterator in two different forms.
Usage: 8 June 1?11-21 June 1914
PRINTED-MATTER TO THE U.S.A.
2 JANUARY 1913 ae
Viewcard,
postmarked at ‘Berlin W351’, sent to
Rockford, Illinois.
5 Pfennig... UPU International
Printed-Matter Rate (postcards with less
than ten words of
text).
MANE TRAG DED.
hed ro ne ir }sie- O48 Jed, pte how Bs dali hoys
lee Yano. 1. hy tewhaiee Mier tied . Az 1 tee €. A WET OS iH ee tych ehetcek
| i
o e .
fE sa r
ts e e
BF nc
!
(3 - x Die opener
MAILTO AUSTRIA
20 MARCH 1912
Decorative art
card sent by the ‘Imperial Museum
at Berlin’
fo Vienna,
Austria.
5 Pfennig... Domestic
postcard-rate applicable for
mail to Austria.
UNIVERSAL
HAMBURG *1* & BERLIN C D2E Postmark Type |
1911-1914
THE ‘HAMBURG’ UNIVERSAL MACHINE remained at Hamburg less than
four months (rejected by the local post office authority) and
WAS SUBSEQUENTLY TRANSFERRED TO BERLIN where it became operational as “Berlin C D2E’.
Postmark: 22mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Hamburg *1*’ (‘Berlin C D2E’) along with a seven-wavy-line obliterator.
Usage af Hamburg I: 21 September 1911 - 1 January 1912
e
Usage af Berlin C: 20 March 1912 — 12 February 1914
XS , ‘
° x \ NN : “HAMBURG *1* : keg \
11.11.11” RX®
11 NOVEMBER 1911
Viewcard,
=. O L E :
L F F ®,
f 7 * V P A
O f ?
Ed
sent to St. Georg(en).
“m G.
é
“7 t
F P F
2 ON D
of <T
77 .
be
P r a
or
@
—
¥ HP
e s
y o r e ae
oe
fa 24 6s
Me eF a}
“BERLIN C D2E’ 12.12.12”
12 DECEMBER 1912
Postal stationery
card, sent locally.
5 Pfennig... Domestic postcard-rate
UNIVERSAL ‘BERLIN’ GENERAL USAGE
Postmark Type I!
1913 — 1920
In 1912, the ‘Universal Machine Company’ licensed the ‘Deutsche Posf- und Eisenbahn-Verkehrswesen Aktiengeselischaft (DAPAG)'
of Staaken (Berlin) to manufacture its ‘Universal’ Postmarking Machine.
ALONG WITH LICENSED MANUFACTURE IN GERMANY, THE ‘UNIVERSAL’ MACHINE NOW RECEIVED A NEW ‘SEVEN-STRAIGHT-LINE’ OBLITERATOR
WHICH HENCEFORTH BECAME STANDARD.
‘BERLIN C D20'
8 NOVEMBER 1915
Viewcard,
sent to
Friedrichsthal, (Province Saxony).
5 Pfennig... Domestic
postcard-rate
(1 Jan.1875 —-
31 July 1914)
Postmark: 22mm diameter dater dial indicating the applicable town/city origin_along with a seven 35mm in length
horizontal line obliterator.
1913 - 1920 Usage:
R°KeZy Halper | ee 77H, *
< a
Ra di um Nr .
33
br a a
S y
po re
# ;
“eg Ge
sa :
e e i g ?
re e
ALD LL
‘BERLIN NW *21k’
14 JUNE 1917
Viewcard,
sent locally.
10 Pfennig..
5 Pig. Domestic Postcard-Raie
+ 2-1/2 Pfg. War Tax + 2-1/2 Pfg..
Convenience Over-franking
(1 August 1716 —
1 October 1719)
UNIVERSAL 1914-1918 OVERSEAS-BOUND WORLD WAR | MAIL
Postmark Type II
MAILTO THE U.S.A.
‘BRAUNSCHWEIG *1o’
15 MAY 1915
Cover, sent to
“Anheuser-Busch
Brewing Association” at St.
Louis, Missouri.
20 Pfennig .. UPU International Single-Weight
(20 grams)
Letter-Rate.
CENSORED
ne OVERSEAS REPLY
fs oes 2 . POSTAL CARL
Dofttarte mit antyqers, TO BRAZIL Carte postale avec répons peayeg, iS we | yy ‘LEIPZIG *13d’
1 APRIL 1916
Commercial prepaid reply-card mail (set) sent to Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Censor Cachet Handstamp: “Released ...
Foreign Mail Office Cologne-Deuiz"
10 Pfennig... UPU International
Posicard-Rate.
UNIVERSAL FREE-FRANK FIELD-POST WORLD WAR I
Postmark Type Ii
1914-1918
‘BONN *1y’
VIEWCARD
13 MARCH 1918
‘MUNSTER (LAGER) **b’
COVER
22 APRIL 1918
‘POSEN W *3”
DEDICATED FIELD-POST STATIONERY
19 SEPTEMBER 1915
Cachet handstamp: “Soldatenheim...” (Soldiers recuperation
facility)
UNIVERSAL : 1920 “LEIPZIGER MUSTERMESSE” “LEIPZIG FAIR’ SLOGAN POSTMARK
In addition to the line-obliterator postmarks,
THE ‘UNIVERSAL’ MACHINE ALSO APPLIED SLOGAN POSTMARKS to promote the ‘Leipzig Fair of 1920’ with machines located at
two different Leipzig Post Offices.
Postmark: 22mm diameter dater dial indicating either “Leipzig C2C’ or “Leipzig *13e” along with a slogan obliterator “Leipziger Mustermesse”.
Usage: 28 February - 15 March 1920
‘LEIPZIG c2c’
1 MARCH 1920
Postal stationery
card,
sent locally.
10 Pfennig .. Postcard-rate
for local city mail
et
a
Postkarte..~ c eS hae eof.
Ee ANNE cath A,
ie ee ee ' / 4“) alts * 4 +
coche
GN ee,
“SMUSTESM
‘LEIPZIG *13e’
1 MARCH 1920
Commercial
postcard mail,
sent to Greifswald.
15 Pfennig...
Domestic postcard-rate
UNIVERSAL 1921 - 1923 METER USAGES
With the final purchase order for ‘Universal’ Machines placed in 1919, a large number of those allocated for 150 post
offices, first installed in February 1921, were
FITTED WITH METER POSTMARKS FOR HANDLING PRIMARILY
BULK MAIL.
‘FRANKFURT (MAIN) *1 II’
25 APRIL 1921
Commercial cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent locally.
15 Pfennig... Domestic
Printed-matter rate for mail up to 20 grams.
(1 April 1921 -31 December 1921)
UNIVERSAL 1922 - 1923 INFLATION PERIOD USAGES
‘KOLN *1 II’ (Cologne)
6 DECEMBER 1922
Meter mark used to
postmark postage.
Only known usage at Cologne:
4-7 December 1922.
One ofless than ten examples known. $6 Mark...
Domestic
postcard-rate
{15 November - 15 December 1922)
“WIESBADEN *1d’ (Postmark In Red ink)
3 AUGUST 1923
Commercial cover, sent to Frankfurt/Main.
Postmarks in red were used with meters not usual
for postmarking mail.
Only known example.
1000 Mark... Domestic
single-weight letter-rate
{1-23 August 1923)
MICHELIUS 1912 - 1922
The ‘MICHELIUS GmbH’ of Frankfurt/Main is known for development and introduction of two innovative
postmarking machines:
POSTMARKING MACHINE
In 1913, the company introduced a single-impression postmarking machine attempting to compete with the
recently introduced ‘Universal’ Machine from the United States.
Similar to the ‘Universal’ as a rapid single-impression machine, the ‘Michelius’ could postmark 600 mail units/minute.
Although successful in initial trials with the Reichspost. the latter
eventually opted for the ‘Universal’ Machine as more effective resulting in wide-spread use in Germany.
FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE
In 1912, the company introduced the first self-contained franking & postmarking machine.
Between 1912-1922, the Reichspost acquired six machines for
operation at four different locations: Berlin, Frankfurt/Main,
Leipzig & Mannheim. Although post office operated, these machines were forerunners for non-post office operated
meter machines.
The ‘Michelius Franking & Postmarking Machine’ removed a
stamp from a sfamp coil, affixed it upright on the cover, albeit sometimes inverted, and postmarked the franking
in one operation.
Characteristic of this machine is the fact that the stamp affixed frequently had a ‘grill of dots’ indented on the stamp from
pressure by the machine's transport mechanism.
MICHELIUS postmarkinG MACHINE MAY - 1913
FRANKFURT a(MAIN)1s Postmark Type !
The MICHELIUS COMPANY’ of Frankfurt/Main
ATTEMPTED TO COMPETE WITH THE ‘UNIVERSAL’ POSTMARKING MACHINE'S
SUCCESS WITH THE REICHSPOST with one of their newly developed rapid single-impression
postmarking machines with a demonsiration/brief evaluation trial at Frankfurt/Main in May 1913.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Frankfurt a(Main) Is"' having a six-straight-line obliterator right of the dater dial.
Usage: 9-27 May 1913
27 MAY 1913
Viewcard,
postmarked at Frankfurt/Main, sent to Dusseldorf.
5 Pfennig .. Domestic Postcard Rate
Less Than Five Examples Known. Latest Date Known.
MICHELIUS rostmarkinG MACHINE 1913 -1914
BERLIN C D2l Postmark Type Ii
Subsequent to the Frankfurt/Main demonstration/tral in May 1913, THE REICHSPOST REQUIRED A LONGER FIELD TRIAL
TAKING PLACE IN BERLIN BETWEEN 1913-1914.
MAILTO AUSTRIA 1 NOVEMBER 1913
Viewcard,
sent to
Linz, Austria.
5 Pfennig..
Domestic postcard-
rate valid for mail to
Austria.
Early Usage Date.
Postmark: 24mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Berlin C D2L" now
having a six-staggered-line obliterator right of the dater
dial.
Usage: 30 October 1913-10 July 1914
et See Lyf ; (
Meofe not Mode | | | | Pahl ews
eoftipe a 4
Fy
aah
5 <p,
DOMESTIC MAIL 8 JULY 1914
Viewcard, seni to
Schwerin.
5 Pfennig..
Domestic Postcard-
rate
Late Usage Date.
| cspaoatewtenriet yor = e548 a re wet
Lee ie AOR
| as _— Carte cam Wate = ; Union poe \. najrerseliy)
Deutschland. — Allemagne. Bayern, — Baviére.
= lQO Fea “e —-« MAILTO FRANCE
Jd ae om: 22 JUNE 1914 ty Ze é. : 34
rete : Viewcard, sent to ea Paris, France. Rok
AAR a 10 Pfennig .. ee S| UPU Postcard-Rate
fi 1p tp Bly ttt vu pee wt Lfon oo 4i@
A 9G 7, 4 ae f be
Lat by
ol eae Ay} a te Ps A Bailey a MW f f / fh ae TAe S wt i aq 7 i we ee th if L Le
| Ue AS fi ; aah a A ; ce Fa ef aie s
Boz
fe ae yc - ly ; 4 wooy
f } PI 26 imporater,
bs
MICHELIUS postmarkinG MACHINE 1913-1914 BERLINC Da2L
Postmark Type Il
FREE-FRANK OFFICIAL MAIL
Herrn.
Amtsrichter Dahmann
ca) bg
od
Frei d. A. 21.
Kgl.Pr. Minist.d.geistl. u. Unterr.-Ang.
16 JUNE 1914
Cover, official free-frank mail,
postmarked aft Berlin,
sent by the ‘Imperial Ministry of Religion & Education’, to a judge aft Exin.
MICHELIUS Frankinc & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1912 - 1921
BERLIN SW aé8p
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Berlin SW aé68p”.
Usage: 21 June 1912-26 April 1921
ADVERTISING NEWSPAPER WRAPPER |
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ‘MICHELIUS FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE’
IS THAT THE POSTMARK IS OFTEN ‘SQUEEZED’ or not distinct at the top or bottom.
Postage stamps affixed by the machine could be right-side up or even upside-down.
23 OCTOBER 1920
Advertising newspaper wrapper (305 x 111mm) | sent by the famous
‘N. Israel Department Store’ in Berlin to Duderstadt, near Hanover.
10 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-matter rate for mail
up to 50 grams.
(6 May 1920-1 April 1921)
MICHELIUS Frankinc & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1920 - 1922
LEIPZIG C2C
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Leipzig C2C”.
Usage: 3 September 1920-3 June 1922
16 NOVEMBER 1921
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Engen.
15 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-matter rate
for mail up to 20 grams.
{1 April 1921 - 31 December 1921)
MICHELIUS FrankinG & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1912-1921
BERLIN SW aé8p
Postmark:
25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Berlin SW aé8p”.
Usage:
21 June 1912-26 April 1921
29 SEPTEMBER 1919
Newspaper wrapper, sent by the famous philatelist
‘Philipp Kosack’ to _ Bergzabern
(Bavarian-Palatinate).
5 Pfennig ...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up fo 20 grams.
MICHELIUS rrankinc & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1912-1914
BERLIN SW “I1p
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Serlin SW *IIp”.
Usage: 31 July 1912-5 March 1914
20 JANUARY 1914
Newspaper wrapper,
sent to ‘Neuve Hegaver Zeifung’ (‘New Hegaver Newspaper)
at Engen.
5 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-matter rate for mail
between 50-100 grams.
2 AP RI L
19 14
Ov er si ze d
co ve
r (2
37
x 13 2m m)
se nt lo ca ll y.
MICHELIUS rrankinc & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1912-1914 BERLIN C D2F OVERSIZED COVER
PRINTED-MATTER ENCLOSURE
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Berlin C D2F”,
Usage: 30 August 1912 - ... July 1914
DAPAG (Deutsche Post- und Eisenbahn-Verkehrswesen Aktiengesellschaft) 1909 - 1922
The ‘DAPAG’ Company of Staaken (Berlin) is known for development and introduction of self-registry machines (1909), a postmarking machine (1911) and a
franking & postmarking machine (1913).
POSTMARKING MACHINE
Prior to its licensed manufacturing of the ‘Universal’ Postmarking Machine, the DAPAG Company developed a
flexible postmarking machine similar to that of Syibe & Pondorf with introduction of such in 1911 with the Reichspost obtaining
a single machine for trial and field operation.
Because of a lack of archival records, not much is known of
the machine, except its operation was at the ‘Berlin W8’ Post Office with postmarking capability of 550-600 mail units/minute similar to the Sylbe & Pondorf continuous
postmarking machine.
FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE
In 1913, DAPAG introduced its own self-contained franking &
postmarking machine in competition with that of the Michelius Company of Frankfurt/Main.
Between 1913-1922, the Reichspost acquired a number of machines for operation at eight different locations: Berlin,
Breslau, Cologne, Hamburg, Hanover, Leipzig, Magdeburg & Stuttgart. Although post office operated, these machines were
forerunners for non-post office operated meter machines.
The ‘DAPAG Franking & Postmarking Machine’ cut a stamp
from a stamp coil, affixed it horizontally on the cover, and postmarked the franking in one operation.
Characteristic of this machine is the fact that the stamp affixed might have dull perforations a result of the machine
‘cutting’ the stamp from the coil.
DAPAG postTMARKING MACHINE 1911-1914
BERLIN W t8t
The DAPAG COMPANY of Staaken (Berlin) ATTEMPTED TO COMPETE WITH THE ‘SYLBE & PONDORF’ POSTMARKING
MACHINE'S SUCCESS WITH THE REICHSPOST by delivering a trial machine for operation at the ‘Berlin W8’ Post Office.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Berlin W fs"
having a six-staggered-line obliterator continuous
at 80mm intervals.
Usage: 23 May 1911-19 March 1914
19 MARCH 1914
Bank mail cover, postmarked at ‘Berlin W8’,
sent to Christiania (Oslo), Norway.
Arrival postmark: (Reverse)
“Kristiania, 21 March 1914” (Krag Machine Postmark)
20 Pfennig .. UPU International Single-Weight (20 grams) Letter-Rate
Latest Known Date.
DAPAG EFRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1913 - 1921 BERLIN aé8q
The ‘DAPAG’ FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE
‘CUT A STAMP FROM A COIL AFFIXED IT HORIZONTALLY on a cover or wrapper
WITH SUBSEQUENT POSTMARKING it in one operation.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Berlin aé8q”.
Usage: 21 February 1913-46 May 1914 .... June 1919 - .... April 1921
N. GOTTS CHALK Holflieferant
BERLIN $W68 Lindenftrahe 106
4 MARCH 1913
illustrated cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Barmen.
3 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up fo 50 grams.
(1 April 1900 -—31 July 1716)
DAPAG EFRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1913-1914
STUTTGART *1*
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Stuttgart *1*”.
Usage: 15 October 1913-7 January 1914
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Herausgeber: Arthur Dabsep, Stuttgart » Verlag und ree a | zie: Oru: Derlag fiir Hoek, ni. Keutel, Stuttgart |
Decorative
advertising wt cover sent to oe Lae
Leipzig. fo
7 / ite } Pfennig... / : Chnfetdr (Ch Apple Domestic
printed-
matter rate
for mail
up to 50 grams. ee
(Clneripomeg i"
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FERD. REDW ITZ Eilige Drucksache! Statig art/Wirttemberg : (ing Austand nicht nachsenden!) :
Telephon 3698 Se
2? NOVEMBER
1913
Hea Cover, printed-
matter
enclosure, sent
to Augsburg, (Bavaria).
5 Pfennig ... Domestic
printed-matier
rate for mail cra 1A wu- 1 GIs.
(1 April 1900 - SY four TOTAL) an euny iF iG)
Two of six examples known.
DAPAG FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1913 - 1922
LEIPZIG a2a
WHERE THE POST OFFICE DID NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT COILED SINGLE VALUES TO PROPERLY FRANK THE MAIL, If COULD USE OTHER AVAILABLE VALUES TO MATCH
THE RATE WITH OR WITHOUT OVER-FRANKING.
Such meant that the unit of mail would have to be processed twice by the post office and, when over-franking occurred, the post office would have to
internally adjust internally the difference between the amount paid by the
postal patron and the amount used fo frank the mail.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Leipzig a2a”.
Usage: 24 July 1913 — 28 July 1914
27 September 1919-8 July 1922
DOUBLE-VALUE COIL STAMP FRANKING ON FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
10 MARCH 1920
Double-value coil-stamp franked newspaper wrapper,
mail sent Djurshoim, Sweden.
6 Pfennig ...
5 Pfg ...UPU International Printed-Matter Rate
for mail up to 50 grams
1 Pig... Post office convenience over-franking
(1 August 1916 -5 May 1920)
Less than ten known double-value franked examples.
DA PAG FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1919 - 1921
LEIPZIG a2b
WHERE THE POST OFFICE DID NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT COILED SINGLE VALUES TO PROPERLY FRANK THE MAIL, IT COULD USE OTHER AVAILABLE VALUES TO
MATCH THE RATE.
The mail had then to be handled twice by the post office sometimes resulting, depending upon how the postal clerk inserled the
mail unit into the machine, with one valve in horizontal position (typical for the DAPAG Machine)
and one in vertical position (not typical).
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Leipzig a2b”.
Usage: 27 September 1719-30 April 1921
DOUBLE-VALUE COIL-STAMP PROPERLY FRANKED & POSTMARKED MAIL
4 JANUARY 1921
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Gaggenau (Province Baden).
10 Pfennig ...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up to 50 grams. (6 May 1920 —1 April 1921)
Less than ten known double-value franking examples.
DAPAG FRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1919 - 1921 LEIPZIG a2b
WHERE THE POST OFFICE DID NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT COILED VALUES TO PROPERLY FRANK THE MAIL, IT COULD USE OTHER AVAILABLE VALUES.
The difference between the amount paid by the postal patron and the amount used fo frank the mail was internally adjusted by
the post office.
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Leipzig a2b”.
Usage: 27 September 1919-30 April 1921
INTENTIONAL OVER-FRANKING ON FOREIGN-BOUND MAIL
7 DECEMBER 1919
Foreign-bound printed-matter wrapper, sent by a Dutch flower nursery via Leipzig to Goteborg, Sweden.
7-1/2 Pfennig ... § Pfg.. UPU International Printed-Matter Rate
for mail up to 50 grams 2-1/2 Pfg.. Post office convenience
over-franking
(1 August 1716 —5 May 1920)
Only known example franked with the World War |-introduced 7-1/2 Pfennig stamp.
DAPAG FrRANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1919 - 1921 LEIPZIG a2b
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Leipzig a2b”.
Usage: 27 September 1919-30 April 1921
25 JANUARY 1921
Cover, printed-matter enclosure, sent to Jessnitz.
10 Pfennig ...
Domestic printed-matter rate for mail up
to 20 grams.
(6 May 1920 -31 March 1921)
DAPAG ERrANKING & POSTMARKING MACHINE 1916, 1920 - 1921 MAGDEBURG f1r
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating “Magdeburg fir’.
Usage: 21 January 1916
22 October 1920 - 25 January 1921
22 OCTOBER 1920
Cover, printed-matier enclosure, mail sent Greiz, (Province Saxony)
10 Pfennig ... Domestic printed-matier rate for
mail up to 20 grams.
(6 May 1920 —1 April 1921)
One of Three Known Examples. This Example Earliest Recorded Post-World War | Usage Date
DAPAG SELF-SERVICE REGISTRATION MACHINE 1909 -— 1920s
In 1909, the ‘DAPAG’ Company
introduced their
SELF-SERVICE MAIL REGISTRATION MACHINE.
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE:
1. Mail to be registered, with proper postage affixed,
is placed into the opening of the machine.
2. The sender rotates the hand crank, and...
a. The unit of mail is marked with a red-ink
registration mark with date and number.
b. The mail unit is captured within the machine
with a registration receipt emitted from
the machine for the sender.
3. The retained mail is later collected by post office staff subsequently posimarking the postage by hand.
(‘Deutsche Post- und Eisenbahn-Verkehrswesen Aktiengeselischaft')
Between 1909 and late 1920s, twenty-four such machines were operating at twently- four ‘Reichspos?’ post office lobbies throughout Germany to expedite the processing
of domestic registered mail during standard or late post office hours.
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DAPAG SELF-SERVICE REGISTRATION MACHINE 1909 BERLIN C E2i
in November 1909, the Reichsposi commenced testing a
‘DAPAG’ SELF-SERVICE MACHINE
FOR REGISTRATION OF DOMESTIC MAIL at the main Berlin post office.
Located in the post office lobby, the machine was self-service in that
the sender had fo affix proper postage on the mail, subsequently inserting it into the machine
which concurrently applied a dated numbered registration mark (red in color), while
retaining the mail and dispensing a receipt to the postal patron, m one operation.
Known trial examples.. 7 & 22 November & 10 December 1909
Original Registration Receipt ‘10 December 1909’ Mail
22 NOVEMBER 190?
Cover, processed through the experimental ‘DAPAG’ Self-Service Registry Machine, located in the lobby of the main ‘Berlin C2’ Post Office,
sent to NGrnberg (Bavaria).
30 Pfennig...
10 Pig. Domestic letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams +20 Pig. Registration fee
One of Four Examples known to-date from the first field Trial (1909).
DAPAG SELF-SERVICE REGISTRATION MACHINE 1912 HAMBURG 18
The ‘DAPAG' Self-Service Registration Machine was purchased by the Reichspost with units eventually operating in twenty-four post offices
nationwide between 1909 and late 1920s.
Soon after completion of the triafs,
THE STYLE & SIZE OF THE APPLIED REGISTRATION MARK WAS ALTERED TO 30 x 30mm.
:
HAMPPE 12 |
Registration Mark Illustration
30 SEPTEMBER 1912
Commercial cover, processed through the experimental ‘DAPAG’ Machine located in the lobby of the ‘Hamburg 18’ Post Office,
sent to the Stade City Post Office.
30 Pfennig...
10 Pig. Domestic letter-rate for mail up to 20 grams. + 20 Pig. Registration fee .
DAPAG SELF-SERVICE REGISTRATION MACHINE 1912- 1920s LEIPZIG 13
GERMAN INFLATION PERIOD USAGE
Receipt Front Illustration Original Reverse
25 MARCH 1922
Cover, processed through the experimental ‘DAPAG’ Machine located in the lobby of the ‘Leipzig 13’ Post Office,
sent to Eisenberg (Rhineland Province).
500 Pfennig... 300 Pfg. Domestic second-weight letler-rate
(20-100 grams)
+ 200 Pig. Registration fee
DAPAG SELF-SERVICE REGISTRATION MACHINE 1912-1917 USE IN RUSSIA
Several ‘DAPAG’ Self-Service Registration Machine were purchased by the
Russian Post Office operational at six different cities between 1912-1917.
THE SIZE OF THE MARK WAS 30 x 34mm
SIMILAR IN STYLE AS THOSE APPLIED IN GERMANY.
ST. PETERSBURG
1 SEPTEMBER 1712
Since mail was foreign-
bound, “R” in circle
cachet mark applied, sent
to a soldier at Grafenwohr
Military Training Base in
Bavaria.
Transit & Arrival Postmarks (Reverse}
“Bayreuth,
16 September 1912”
“Weiden,
16 September 1912” “Lager Grafenwohr,
17 September 1912”
20 Kopecks...
10 Kpk Letter + 10 Kpk
Registration fee
Earliest known usage of
DAPAG in Russia
MOSCOW
27 SEPTEMBER 1913 aA a y vc CO BA A sa MOCKBA, ACES yania, LOM’ Ned es Konener. TENE®OHb Ne 2-39-51. | Commercial cover,
ese eo posimarked at Moscow
with revised style of
DAPAG Mark
(Russian &
French text),
sent to Stockholm,
Sweden.
Cachet Stamp:
TACHAT O-ABTOMATOMD
= “processed Through Automat (Machine)”
Arrival Postmark (Reverse)
“Stockholm,
13 October 1713”
20 Kopecks... 10 Kpk. Lefer +
10 Kpk. Registration Fee
EPILOGUE ..
PSEUDO MACHINE POSTMARKS 1901 - 1912
PATRIOTIC POST-OFFICE-FLAG POSTMARK COTTBUS *(BAZAR)* (Charity)
BETWEEN 1901-1912, ANUMBER OF POSTMARKS APPLIED IN GERMANY & AUSTRIA APPEARED AS MACHINE-APPLIED BUT REALLY WERE HAND-APPLIED-CANCELS, KNOWN TODAY AS
‘PSEUDO MACHINE POSTMARKS'’. MANY OF THOSE DIES WERE MANUFACTURED BY THE GLEICHMANN COMPANY OF BERLIN.
In November 1901and in May 1912,
SPECIAL FUND-RAISING ‘BAZAARS’ WERE HELD AT THE CITY OF COTTBUS to raise funds for Imperial memorials (1901)
and a rehabilitation clinic (1912).
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Cottbus *(Bazar)*
including a postal flag with crown, banner with tassels &
postal horn as obliterator to right of the dater dial. Hand cancelled.
Usage: 6,7,8,13 &26 November 1901 & 8, 9, 10 May 1912
6 NOVEMBER 1901
Commemorative
view-card sent
from the ‘Bazaar
to Dessau,
61151 6 : : UTI
First Day Usage.
7 NOVEMBER 1901 Commemorative
view-card sent from
the ‘Bazaar’ to
Baalsdorf.
Second Day Usage.
5 Pfennig... Domestic postcard-rate.
EPILOGUE
PSEUDO MACHINE POSTMARKS 1901 & 1912
PATRIOTIC POST OFFICE FLAG POSTMARK COTTBUS *(BAZAR)*
13 NOVEMBER 1901
Commemorative
view-card,
sent locally.
Only known example dated
13 November & only known with a
double strike.
(Strage und Hausmimimet) 26 NOVEMBER 1901
Commemorative view-card,
sent locally
Only known example dated 26 November.
2 Pfennig..
Local-cify postcard-rate.
EPILOGUE
PSEUDO MACHINE POSTMARKS 1901 - 1903 HORIZONTAL BAR OBLITERATOR POSTMARKS
BERLIN
Postmark: 25mm diameter dater dial indicating ‘Berlin C*2B’ or
‘Berlin O *17B’,or ‘Berlin C *25B’ or ‘Berlin O *27B’ with a seven horizontal bar (36mm in length) obliterator
right of the dater dial.
Usage: 22 July 1901 - 3 January 1903
BERLIN C *2B
18 SEPTEMBER 1901
‘Gruss aus’ Witistock view-card,
postmarked in Berlin, sent to Wuhigarten.
BERLIN O *27B
14 MAY 1902
‘ ‘Gruss aus’ Berlin
= eS tir 7 . view-card, sent to gee, Seals LOE Le tO GE EPR Altona (Elbe).
E fe 3 Z Early date use of the 2 an LA LOVES ‘new’ Germania
ice se 2 Deutsches Reich | ge Cen Ge Lacntihae 4 Series.
6 Pfennig (3x 2 Pfennig multi-franking)...
5 Pfennig .. Domestic postcard-rate 1 Pfennig .. Convenience over-franking
~ EPILOGUE PSEUDO MACHINE POSTMARKS —— ‘PHILATELIST DAY’ COMMEMORATIVE POSTMARKS
A HAND-STAMP WAS USED FOR COMMEMORATING ‘PHILATELIST DAYS’ BETWEEN 1906-1910 AT THE CITIES OF _
GOSSNITZ, HAMBURG, KARLSBAD (ausTRIA), KIEL & NURNBERG.
Postmark: Various diameter dater dials indicating the city and ‘event number for the ‘Philatelist Day’ along with logo between six
wavy-lines as an obliterator.
NURNBERG.. XvVill
DEUTSCH PHILATELISTEN-
TAG
2 SEPTEMBER 1906
GOSSNITZ.. XX
DEUTSCH PHILATELISTENTAG
2 AUGUST 1908 |
KARLSBAD
XXI
PHILATELISTENTAG
21 AUGUST 1909
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